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The txalaparta is an instrument indigenous to the Basque Country, and as a word, refers to both the instrument and the manner of playing. It is an instrument without obvious links to any other instruments of neighbouring countries or cultures; like Euskera, the language of the Basque Country, its origins are unclear. The current surge in its popularity and use marks a fascinating point in the txalaparta's history. Its two-person playing style is unique, and as playing becomes more widespread after its near extinction in the 1960's, its identity as an instrument is constantly evolving and self-defining.
Physically, the txalaparta is made from very simple parts (see Fig.1). The main part is one or more large boards or planks of wood, traditionally of native woods such as chestnut, ash or alder. These are placed horizontally, usually at waist- or hip-height, and are supported by two trestles which are placed a suitable distance apart so as to support either end of the boards. Cushioning material is placed between the trestles and the boards; this can be bundles of dried maize husks, rolled up sacks, dried grass, sheepskin or foam.
Two people, txalapartaris, play the txalaparta, each holding two beaters, which are held and struck vertically. The beaters are usually made of turned wood that gradually widens out towards the lower end, which is the strike point.
Both the instrument and the manner of playing combine to form what is commonly referred to as 'txalaparta'. Whilst the physical instrument can be referred to as a txalaparta, if this instrument is played by one person only, then it is not txalaparta. Conversely, two people in a café or a park could feasibly play the txalaparta, using any handy objects as substitutes for the planks and beaters.
The origins of the instrument are unclear. Because so little is known of the txalaparta's early history, fanciful stories about it have spread, giving the impression that the txalaparta has wondrous origins even though there is no supporting evidence. In the recent past the manner of playing has been passed down via the male lineage of a family, with well-known players often being brothers.
Its relatively recent traditional use has been linked with the Basque farmhouse and with the completion of cider...