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Introduction
Effective human resource management is vital for any organization that is attempting to succeed. The quality of human resources, the feeling of people from only interactions, employees’ commitment to the organization, their satisfaction from the job they do and their experiences, all have effects on the organizational productivity, delivering services to the customers, organizational image and fame and its survival (Burke, 2017). Many of the human resource management issues have religious roots such as how to treat employees properly and the impact of religion on human resource practices and are of great importance, but they are rarely investigated because of the dominance of secular and materialistic viewpoint in Western science (Hashim, 2009). Determining what is right and wrong, rewards and punishments, work and spirituality and relationships between human beings and God, all are directly or indirectly associated with human resource management issues. The effects of religion on human resource management are represented through the laws and regulations governing the employee–employer relations. These regulations might be about individual rights such as equal employment opportunities, job security and wage or they might be related to collective rights like forming unions and participative decision-making (Paloutzian and Park, 2014).
Islamic countries now tackle the problem of observing religious norms and duties in the face of Western management solutions (Ali, 2010). These challenges are very much obvious in human resource management practices. Thus the concept of Islamic human resource management (iHRM) has emerged in the management literature of Islamic countries. This means that the attempts to coordinate with the employees and adjust their relations with employer and organization should be according to the Quran and Sunnah. It is important because Islam has the second highest number of followers among all religions, with approximately 1.5 billion Muslims throughout the world, and it is one of the fastest growing religions (Mellahi and Budhwar, 2010).
The waves of Islamic awaking have now reached the shores of human sciences in general and management in particular. The studies in this field are mainly focused on Islamic work ethics and its impact on organization in the form of commitment, satisfaction and loyalty (Ali and Al-Kazemi, 2007). Also in recent years, attempts have been made to study Islamic finance and accounting (Cheng and Liu, 2009), Islamic...