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Abstract: Kibbutz is a social organization established on the principle of equality, public ownership, and voluntariness. Based on the principle of state ownership of land, collective ownership of means of production, and democratic management, such social organization implements the system of from each according to his ability, to each according to his need and distribution based on one's performance. Kibbutz is a socialist economic organization based on collective ownership, in which all members are totally equal. It has been more than 100 years since such organization was first established, in which some reforms were implemented. Kibbutz is a successful socialist economic organization based on collective ownership, and its experiences worth attention from intellectual circles and learning by various countries around the world.
Key words: kibbutzim in Israel; collective ownership; democratic management; principle of equality
Kibbutz means collective settlement in Hebrew. In the past, it was translated as rural cooperative or collective farm, which is not definite. Kibbutz is a collectively owned social organization established on equal, publicly owned and voluntary basis (or referred to as Collective Commune), which is a socialist element in Israel, a semi-capitalist and semi-socialist country. Experiences acquired in the development of kibbutz in more than 100 years is worth the great attention of intellectual circles and learning by various countries around the world.
1. Principles of Management for Kibbutzim
First, the principle of voluntariness. Anyone may join or quit a kibbutz based on totally voluntary principle. Applicants should acknowledge and conform to rules and regulations of kibbutzim, besides which they should also understand and be willing to share the lifestyle in kibbutzim. Any applicant should submit his or her résumé and ID documents and be reviewed and interviewed, after which he or she has to go through a period of being a guest for half a year. After evaluation, he or she should also go through 2 years of internship. At the end of such internship, if more than two thirds of members vote for the applicant secretly, he or she can become a member of the kibbutz. Any member of a kibbutz can quit in a very liberal way; he or she may quit automatically or apply for quitting the kibbutz. After quitting, such a member becomes a free...