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Abstract
From traditional definitions of stigma, we have developed four main components to consider in this report: self-stigma (or internalised stigma), which occurs when people with mental health conditions are aware of the negative stereotypes of others, agree with them, and turn them against themselves; stigma by association, which refers to the attribution of negative stereotypes and discrimination directed against family members (eg, parents, spouses, or siblings) or to mental health staff; public and interpersonal stigma, which refer to the forms of knowledge and stereotypes, negative attitudes (prejudice), and negative behaviour (discrimination) by members of society towards people with mental health conditions; and structural (systemic or institutional) stigma, which refers to policies and practices that work to the disadvantage of the stigmatised group, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Stigma and discrimination contravene basic human rights and have severe, toxic effects on people with mental health conditions that exacerbate marginalisation and social exclusion, for example by reducing access to mental and physical health care and diminishing educational and employment opportunities [...]provisions that support the social inclusion of people with disabilities should be applied equally whether they arise from physical or mental health conditions. [...]health and care provision should be equitable regardless of whether people have a physical or mental health condition.
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1 Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
2 Global Mental Health Peer Network, Paarl, South Africa
3 National Institute of Mental Health (Czechia), WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Mental Health Research and Service Development, Klecany, Czechia
4 Mind international, London, UK; Changing Minds Globally, London, UK
5 Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
6 National Mental Health Program, Beirut, Lebanon
7 Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK
8 College of Health Sciences and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Studies for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
9 Mental Health Coalition, Freetown, Sierra Leone
10 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
11 Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London UK; Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu Nepal
12 Addis Ababa University, School of Psychology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
13 Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK; WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Training, King's College London, London UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
14 Institut de Psychologie, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
15 UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
16 United for Global Mental Health, London, UK
17 South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
18 Division of Global Mental Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
19 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and Academic Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London UK
20 Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
21 Prospira Global, Hemel Hempstead, UK
22 Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
23 Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
24 George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
25 Fundación Mundo Bipolar, Madrid, Spain
26 Razi Hospital and El Manar Medical School, University of Tunis, La Manouba, Tunisia
27 Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, India
28 Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and BKH Günzburg, Ulm, Germany; Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany
29 Taskeen Health Initiative, Karachi, Pakistan
30 Association for the Improvement of Mental health Programs, Geneva, Switzerland
31 Federation Global Initiative on Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria
32 Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
33 Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, London UK
34 and Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK