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Abstract
The "El Niño" or "Austral Oscilation" is not only a marine current that appears in the Pacific Ocean each two or ten years between December and March. It is really accepted that this is a very complex phenomenon with important influence on the coastal environments of Peru, Ecuador and Chile. The effects are generally negative both on the coastal marine environment as well as on the whole continental territories. The action period ranges from two years to eight months.
Although its origin is yet unknown, many climatologists believe that such current is originated by some anomaly in the behavior of the huge masses of oceanic water. The oceanographers point out that the possible causes may be related with an anomalous behavior present in the air masses. However, it is largely accepted the relation between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere interaction systems.
The problems are what is more important or acted with more influence in the natural system. The fact is that geocientist's communities dealing in Earths's problems are looking for reasons of the "El Niño" phenomenon long time ago. They are employing statistical methods as well as spatial observations in the hope to get some true conclusions and so be able to predict its dangerous effects on human life and activities.
Resumen
"El Niño" u "Oscilación Austral" es más que una corriente marina que aparece en el océano Pacifico cada dos o diez aóos entre diciembre y marzo, es un fenomeno complejo cuyas repercusiones en el ambiente costero del Peru, Ecuador y norte de Chile son indiscutibles, en su mayoría, produce efectos negativos tanto en el ambiente marino costero como en el interior continental, las mismas tienen una duración de ocho meses a dos años; aunque sus causas son aún desconocidas, los climatólogos sostienen que dicha corriente se genera por alguna anomalia en el comportamiento de la masa oceánica y los oceanógrafos sostienen que las causas radican en algún comportamiento extraño de las masas de aire. Si bien es cierto que hay una interdependencia entre la atmósfera y la hidrósfera, no se puede priorizar una u otra, lo cierto es que los estudiosos de la ciencia de la Tierra, tratan desde hace muchos años de descubrir este enigma, a través de permanente...