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RESUMEN
Este trabajo estudia un modelo concreto de contratación de producción de contenidos habitual en las televisiones autonómicas: los encargos de producción. Mediante el análisis de caso de Televisión del Principado de Asturias se reflexiona sobre las implicaciones de esta práctica en el impulso del sector audiovisual en el territorio. Metodológicamente se ha realizado un análisis documental, en el que se destaca el acceso exclusivo a información contractual; y varias entrevistas en profundidad a informadores clave. Los resultados confirman una alta opacidad en el proceso de contratación de contenidos pero erigen a la televisión autonómica como impulsora del mercado audiovisual regional.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Televisión autonómica pública; Contratación pública; Industria audiovisual; Producción audiovisual independiente; Encargos de producción; Asturias
ABSTRACT
Public regional televisions in Spain have been widely studied by the Spanish Academy. However, the high opacity in their management and the difficulty in accessing economic information have proved to be the main challenges in their study. Due to this, there is little research that goes deeper into the economic and administrative analysis of these televisions, especially with regard to their connections with independent production companies and the model of contracting the production of contents. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to complement this theoretical gap by studying a specific model for contracting the production of contents that is commonly used in these broadcasters (but also in the whole of public televisions): the production orders.
To promote the regional audiovisual sector is one of the main goals that legitimizes the existence of Spanish public regional televisions (Bustamante, 2009; Miguel y Casado, 2012; Marzal, 2015; Campos-Freire, 2016; Casado y Díaz-González, 2017). However, previous exploratory studies on the topic have identified that, far from contributing to the strengthening of a regional audiovisual industry, the existence of these televisions has favored the establishment of client relationships between these broadcasters and the audiovisual production companies that operates in the region (Fernández-Quijada, 2009 y 2010; Casado, 2012). Some authors have even affirmed the existence of the so-called "sunflower companies" (Bustamante, 2002) that, like the plants from which they receive their name, orbit around the activity of the regional public television without which they cannot survive. Is this dynamic repeated in the Asturian case?
Considering that each of the 13 public...