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Abstract
Present study was conducted to make a comparison among leadership processes and employee attitude in public and private sector organizations in the light of Lik ert's System 1-4 Organizational Theory. This theory indicates that System 1 is led by autocratic leadership processes which manifest negative employee attitude and System 4 is more towards democratic side showing a positive employee attitude. Three universities from each sector in Islamabad region having Social Sciences and Management Sciences departments were randomly selected and 200 faculty members were taken as sample of the study. An Opinionnaire having 36 statements in two subscales was used to collect data. Its psychometric properties were determined and Chronbach's alpha .89 confirmed its reliability. Data analysis revealed that public sector organizations come under the domain of System 3 and private sector in System 2 in leadership processes. Employee attitude and leadership processes were positively correlated in public sector and negatively correlated in private sector. 83% of the variance in leadership processes was due to employee attitude in both the sectors. It was concluded that if organizations want a shift towards System 4 which is the most productive form af an organization, they have to focus upon leadership training as leadership processes directly effects employee attitude which manifests in a positive or a negative manner.
Keywords: Leadership processes, employee attitude, Likert's System 1-4 Organizational Theory
Introduction
Organizations can be defined as social entities which are set up for the purpose of accomplishing collective goals which are predetermined through mutual consensus of organizational members. Organizations are considered as social units having individuals who strive hard for fulfilment of collective goals under the supervision of various organizational structures. These structures ensure coordination among tasks and members who have responsibility and authority to carry out these tasks (Senge, 2006). Goonan & Stoltz, 2004 have stated that organizations have varied nature but constitute following mutual characteristics:
a) A well-defined hierarchy
b) Division of labour in a judicious manner
c) Regulations and rules for designated positions and authority as well as responsibility associated with it.
d) Social relationships
e) Standard operating procedures for carrying out different tasks
f) Recruitment and compensation procedures
g) Managerial and administrative processes being carried out either in a democratic or an authoritative manner.
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