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Abstract
Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) reflects the degree of stress in proximal tubules of the kidney. We examined the level of L-FABP in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G1 and G2, and its relationship with cardiac markers and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. T2DM patients whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was >=60 mL/min/1.73 m^sup 2^ were recruited [n = 276 (165 males), mean age 64 years]. The median level of urinary L-FABP was 6.6 [mu]g/gCr. Urinary L-FABP showed significant correlation with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001). Median (25th-75th percentile) eGFR was 82 (72-95) mL/min/1.73 m^sup 2^. We divided patients into four subgroups (group 1, L-FABP <=8.4 [mu]g/gCr and ACR <=30 mg/gCr; group 2, L-FABP <=8.4 [mu]g/gCr and ACR >30 mg/gCr; group 3, L-FABP >8.4 [mu]g/gCr and ACR <=30 mg/gCr; group 4, L-FABP >8.4 [mu]g/gCr and ACR >30 mg/gCr). Compared with group 1, group 4 was significantly higher in systolic blood pressure, and eGFR using standardized serum cystatin C, high-sensitivity troponin T, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Group 4 had significantly higher level of NT-proBNP than group 3. Groups 2, 3 and 4 showed more ECG abnormalities than group 1. These findings suggest that simultaneous measurement of urinary L-FABP and ACR should be useful to assess cardiovascular damage reflecting on the elevation of cardiac markers and ECG abnormalities in T2DM with CKD G1 and G2.