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Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968-1980. By Kimberly Springer. (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005. x, 228 pp. Cloth, $74.95, ISBN 0-8223-3481-X. Paper, $21.95, ISBN 0-8223-3493-3.)
As they emerged in the 1970s, American black feminist organizations faced "multiple jeopardy" (p. 114), both from the culture they confronted and from their adaptation to their vulnerabilities within it. Members of these groups grappled with oppression due to not only their race and gender but also their class and sexual orientation. If this were not enough, they had to struggle against marginalization or suppression by the larger movements out of which they came. Before they could effectively contest social structures and attitudes, they had to surmount three daunting challenges: "to prove to other black women that feminism was not for white women...