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Abstract
The paper discusses the position of low rise, high density housing in Hungary on a theoretical level, from the conceptional point of view. The purpose is that the dissemination and popularization of the housing type would be beneficial to the society. Before and after World War Two different nature of this housing type was present in the country, but after the regime change in 1989 the continuity has been lost.
This paper aims to support the above assumptions - discussing the benefits of the installaton type in the light of global and local issues, and search of the housing type's local positions. The actuality of housing issue is relevant because of the planning of 2014-2020 housing program, the fall of yearly built houses, the imbalance of housing allocation and the urgent questions of global problems.
The paper's method is threefold (1) discusses the potential of the housing type in correlation with the three pillars of sustainability, (2) analyses past examples from three different periods of the past century and (3) searches its position according to actual social changes and suggests strategic objectives for the future use of low rise, high density housing in the country.
Keywords: Low Rise, High Density, Sustainability, Hungary.
INTRODUCTION
The 20th century saw several of attempts to popularize low-rise high-density housing in Hungary (Bitó 2003). Preceding World War II, several articles had been published in Hungarian periodicals on modern terraced housing estates and experimental residential complexes. During the socialist system in the post-war period the Private Housing Target Programme Committee worked out several analyses to convince decision-makers and The Hungarian National Housingtype Desing Institute also worked out standard designs (fig.1,2) for singleand two-storey terraced houses. (Típustervezo Intézet 1964).
Following the change of the political status quo in 1989, the housing market turned favourable for profit-oriented investorial projects. State participation in housing projects decreased whilst the continuity of group housing was interrupted. Group housing projects were viable by convincing capital-intensive investors and proved successful in some cases, but the integrating ambition vital for the spread of this type of housing has not appeared so far.
The hipothesis of this paper is that the spreading of low-rise high-density housing would be advantageous to Hungarian society. It aims to draw parallels...