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Punjab, the land of five rivers, welcomes all delegates to Ludhiana for XXI TNAI Biennial Conference (October 3 to 7, 2005). Punjab is an Indo-Iranian word meaning "the land of five rivers". The old Punjab, a land of five rivers was divided into east Punjab (in India) and west Punjab, now in Pakistan. Again with its reorganization in 1966, Haryana was carved out of it and entire set of hill districts went to Himachal Pradesh. Now Punjab has mainly two rivers named, the Sutlej and Beas, whereas the third one i.e. the Ravi, only marginally touches its north-western boundary. It is completely a land locked state without any sea coast. The reorganized Punjab consists of 17 districts and 50,362 sq. kilometer area. It is surrounded by Jammu and Kashmir on its north, Himachal Pardesh on its northeast and Pakistan on its west. Rajasthan and Haryana form its southwestern and south-eastern boundaries respectively.
From being a small village called Meer Hota in 1481 to later Lodhiana and now Ludhiana, the city has never been caught napping. Under the Jodhas from the first to the fourth century, it later came under the rule of Sumundra Gupta. But the original Ludhianvis settled here much later in the ninth century. There were the Rajputs from south and then the Turks and the Afghans who took the bit area of Sutlej on lease from Mohammad...