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Uncertainty clouds many details about N. Clark Smith's early life. Collective evidence suggests the place of his birth was Leavenworth, Kansas, and the year most probably was 1866, only one year after the 13th Amendment to the Constitution ratified the Emancipation Proclamation and officially abolished slavery. Although Kansas held the reputation of being more liberal than other Midwestern and Southern states, both racism and segregation existed within the community where Smith grew to manhood, and it prevailed in Missouri, Illinois, and Alabama, where he spent his mature years. When the educational and social factors impacting an African American's life are framed within the realistic conditions and restrictions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Smith's achievements are truly remarkable. Contemporary accounts of life in his community frequently reflect the struggles many from this aspiring generation endured, and also convey the diverse philosophies that existed within their ranks. Smith entered the world of music and education with determination, a rigorous work ethic, and a passionate dedication to his muse. Through his teaching and leadership he shared his knowledge, interests, and talent with the African-American community, and honored the musical traditions associated with its heritage.
Missing records and unreliable evidence handicap an accurate portrayal of N. Clark Smith's life and lead to speculation. There are no immediate descendents, and fire apparently destroyed most of his vast collection of personal papers, precluding glimpses into his private life and thoughts.1 Documented evidence related to Smith's life is limited and frequently wrong. Most biographical entries contain inaccurate or conflicting information. African-American newspapers serve as the primary source for data, and they do provide an overview of Smith's activities with a sense of his working environment, but frequently contain questionable or obviously exaggerated accounts. All elements combine to produce a tattered personal history.
Early in his life, Smith began associating with a broad spectrum of people-black and white, rich and poor, established scholars alongside those just beginning their educational ascent, male and female musicians, along with men who were highly successful in the commercial music business. He appeared as comfortable with celebrities who had achieved national recognition as with his next-door neighbors who sang in the church choir. Such factors coalesce and depict an admirable man living in an age...