Maternal Chlamydia Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects in the Offspring

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Web End = Matern Child Health J (2016) 20:6676 DOI 10.1007/s10995-015-1804-0

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Web End = Maternal Chlamydia Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects in the Offspring

Diane Y. Dong1,2 Jos N. Binongo3 Vijaya Kancherla1

Published online: 10 July 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

AbstractObjectives Genital Chlamydia is a common bacterial sexually-transmitted infection among reproductive aged women, particularly younger populations. Cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHDs) constitute about one quarter of all cardiac malformations at birth, and are associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological research on the association between maternal Chlamydia during pregnancy and CCHDs in the offspring is lacking. Methods Using data from the 2012 United States birth certicates, we examined the association between CCHDs and prenatal exposure to Chlamydia among live singleton births with CCHDs (n = 2487) and unaffected singleton births (n = 3,334,424). We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % condence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression analysis for all CCHDs combined, and isolated CCHDs (without other major congenital malformations).

Results Overall 1.7 % of case and 1.7 % of control women reported having Chlamydia during their pregnancies. After controlling for potential confounders, we found a weak positive association between maternal Chlamydia during pregnancy and all CCHDs combined (aOR = 1.39;

95 % CI 1.021.90). The positive association persisted for isolated CCHD cases, but with marginal signicance (aOR = 1.34; 95 % CI 0.961.74). Subgroup analyses for younger women showed an increased risk for CCHDs; however, the associations were not statistically signicant. Conclusions Maternal exposure to Chlamydia during pregnancy was weakly associated with a higher risk of CCHDs in the offspring. The nding should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of birth certicate data. Future studies using more robust data sources are warranted to further study the association between maternal Chlamydia during pregnancy and CCHDs in the offspring.

Keywords Birth defects Chlamydia Congenital heart

defects Cyanosis Risk factors

Signicance

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between prenatal exposure to Chlamydia and CCHDs in the...