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Abstract
In the design fields, graphics are often a medium of communication whose goal is to reach mutual understanding. The process of graphic abstraction is one of the most important methods in visual design. Designers often use it to enhance the recognition and impression of observers. This paper investigated abstraction methods through design software research and research of designer practices. The result showed that the major tools used in designer practice are paintbrushes (traditional hand-drawing medium) and software filters (computer media). Three abstraction methods were identified: a) shape simplification method, b) quantitative reduction and c) software-aided simplification. Designers used software programs mainly for simplification of overall image (plane) with comparatively little use to simplify 'points' or 'lines.' In addition, the design software cannot fulfill designers' needs for visual abstraction. The findings from this study can provide valuable references for user instructions, graphic design and computer-aided design applications.
INTRODUCTION
To turn a real object (3D) into a 2D representation is an example of graphicabstraction in visual design, (see figure 1; Arnheim, 1969; Langer, 1953; Yo, 1985; Hsu, 1993). The abstraction uses a strategy of simplification of detail, so designers often simplify the shape of the original object to enhance the recognition or impression of observers (Arnheim, 1969; Bell, 1913; Gombrich, 1982). Thus, abstraction is one of the most important methods in graphic design.
The function of graphics is to communicate messages efficiently and accurately in human life. As a result, the rational analysis of graphics and their uses might help to enhance that efficiency and accuracy. Although an analysis of rules in the field of graphic design seems more challenging than in the fields of architecture or industrial design, as far back as in the Renaissance, Leonardo Da Vinci proposed that painting should be approached with a scientific aspect. Mistakes are likely to occur, he suggested, if structures and outlines are drawn from impression, rather than using the tools of measurement.
Modern-design methodology attempts to scrutinize design scientifically. Although there are still gray areas in which science cannot give an account, the methodology has a significant bearing on user instructions (Burden, 1996; Jones, 1992; Munari, 1989). With the development of digital technology, the application of design methods can be transformed into the computation that has...