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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of components leached from two conventional self-curing glass-ionomer cements (Fuji IX and Ketac Molar), and light-curing, resin modified glass-ionomer cements (Vitrebond, Fuji II LC). Evaluation was performed on human lymphocytes using alkaline and hOGG1 modified comet, and micronucleus assays. Each material, polymerised and unpolymerised, was eluted in extracellular saline (1 cm^sup 2^ mL^sup -1^) for 1 h, 1 day, and 5 days. Cultures were treated with eluates using final dilutions of 10^sup -2^, 10^sup -3^, and 10^sup -4^. Alkaline comet assay did not detect changes in DNA migration of treated cells regardless of the ionomer tested, polymerisation state, and elution duration. Glass ionomers failed to significantly influence micronucleus frequency. No oxidative DNA damage in treated lymphocytes was observed using hOGG1 modified comet assay. Obtained results indicate high biocompatibility of all tested materials used in the study under experimental conditions.
KEY WORDS: biocompatibility; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; genotoxicity; lymphocytes
Sazetak
Procjena in vitro toksicnosti stakleno-ionomernih cemenata primjenom mikronukleus testa, alkalnog komet testa i komet testa modificiranog hOGG1 enzimom
Svrha istrazivanja bila je procijeniti genotoksicni potencijal komponenata koje izlucuju dva konvencionalna samopolimerizirajuca stakleno-ionomerna cementa (Fuji IX i Ketac Molar) te svjetlosno polimerizirajuci i smolom modificirani stakleno-ionomerni cementi (Vitrebond, Fuji II LC). Istrazivanje je provedeno na ljudskim limfocitima primjenom alkalnog komet testa, komet testa modificiranog hOGG1 enzimom te mikronukleus testa. Svaki materijal, polimerizirani i nepolimerizirani, eluiran je u fizioloskoj otopini (1 cm2 mL-1) tijekom jednog sata, jednog dana i tijekom 5 dana. Kulture limfocita tretirane su eluatima u razrjeðenjima 10-2, 10-3 i 10-4. Alkalnim komet testom nisu zabiljezene promjene u migraciji DNA iz tretiranih stanica bez obzira na ispitani ionomer, vrstu polimerizacije i trajanje elucije. Izlozenost staklenim ionomerima nije znacajno utjecala na ucestalost mikronukleusa. Primjenom hOGG1 modificiranog komet testa nije zamijeceno oksidativno ostecenje DNA u tretiranim limfocitima. Dobiveni rezultati upucuju na visoki stupanj biokompatibilnosti svih testiranih materijala koji su se koristili u eksperimentalnim uvjetima.
KLJUCNE RIJECI: biokompatibilnost; citotoksicnost; genotoksicnost; limfociti; ostecenje DNA
The most important requirement for a material to be used in medical applications is its biocompatibility. Dental materials can lead to cell damage of the pulp, gingiva, and oral mucosa. Various tests have been applied to assess the risk of such damage (1-4).
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