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Abstract:
This article introduces a nursing theory of successful aging that approaches capture of successful aging from a multidimensional perspective with consideration given to an individual's appraisal of his or her aging. The new theory is based on the premise that aging successfully involves one's mind, body, and spirit. Successful aging is defined as an individual's perceived favorable outcome in adapting to the cumulative physiologic and functional changes associated with the passage of time, while experiencing spiritual connectedness and a sense of meaning or purpose in life. Theory components and propositions are discussed and nursing implications are highlighted.
Key words: Successful aging, nursing theory, life purpose, adaptation
The oldest baby boomers will reach their 65'1' birthday in 2011. Aging of the baby boom generation increases the need for comprehensive elder care in the U.S. Recognizing this need for elder care, nurses have become involved in professional organizations devoted to advancing gerontological health and taken active roles in planning health policy, conducting research, and developing theories related to care of the older adult. Nursing theory is a critical part of nursing science; it is the foundation upon which research is based, and it serves as a guide for nursing interventions. Most nursing theories are applicable to older adults. However, none of them offers practical direction specifically intended for successful aging of older adults. The purpose of this article is to describe development of a mid-range nursing theory of successful aging that provides a framework for care ofolder adults.
BACKGROUND
Due to the growing population ofolder adults and their health needs, the absence of a useful theory to guide nursing care seems a glaring omission. A nursing theory of successful aging is needed. Of 17 well-known nursing theories analyzed by Wadensten and Carlsson (2003), none had a description of human aging. Noting the absence of a nursing theory that deals with aging, Wadensten and Carlsson (p. 123) stated,
The absence of practical guidance on how nurses could act, and what actions can be taken to support older people in the process of aging highlights the need to develop further and discuss how gerontological care should be provided. It also suggests the need to develop a nursing theory based on an aging theory in which development into...