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Abstract
Cancer cells are abnormal cells that can reproduce and regenerate rapidly. They are characterized by unlimited proliferation, transformation and migration, and can destroy normal cells. To meet the needs for cell proliferation and migration, tumor cells acquire molecular materials and energy through unusual metabolic pathways as their metabolism is more vigorous than that of normal cells. Multiple carcinogenic signaling pathways eventually converge to regulate three major metabolic pathways in tumor cells, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The distinct metabolic signatures of cancer cells reflect that metabolic changes are indispensable for the genesis and development of tumor cells. In this review, we report the unique metabolic alterations in tumor cells which occur through various signaling axes, and present various modalities available for cancer diagnosis and clinical therapy. We further provide suggestions for the development of anti‐tumor therapeutic drugs.
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1 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, the Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
2 Center for Cancer and Immunology, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
3 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, the Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P. R. China
4 Lingnan Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China