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ABSTRACT
This paper intends to present an overview of gas turbine and combined gas and steam turbine cycles with an emphasis on combustion chambers with NOX reduction and Heat Recovery Generators. It is based on a literature survey issued mostly from manufacturers data as General Electric or Alstom. The objective is highlight the need of technico-economic optimisation in the design and implementation on the installations.
1. INTRODUCTION
Technology of Gas Turbine (GT) Plants is one of the most dynamic in the world. In this field, improvements where realised mostly in special materials and coating resisting at high temperature conditions [1] as Directionally Solidified (DS) materials [2] and thermal Barrier Coating (TBC), in burners with low NOX emissions as EnVironmental (EV) burners of Alstom ([3-6]), Dry Low NOX (DLN) burners of General Electric [7,8], Dry Low Emissions (DLE) burners of Westinghouse-Rolls Royce, Hybrid Burner (HB) of Siemens KWU [9,10] and PreMix (PM) burners of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries [2], and also in cooling technologies of high temperatures parts.
GT plants cover a large domain of electrical power production (3 to 265 MW) and reach up to 40 % efficiency. Most of these gas turbines are aeroderivative machines, as the LM6000 gas turbines of Nuovo Pignone and Motoren und Turbinen-Union, the LM6000 Sprint gas turbines of GE S and S Energy Products, the TRENT and WR21 gas turbines of Rolls-Royce and the Mercury50 gas turbine of Solar Turbines Inc. Combines cycles with GT and Steam Turbines (ST) reach up to 57% efficiency. Gas turbines used in these combined cycles are "heavy-study" machines as the GT24 and GT26 gas turbine of Alstom Power, the MS9001FA gas turbine of Nuovo Pignone and General Electric Power Systems, the V94.3A and W501G gas turbines of Siemens AG Power Generation Group KWU. In order to fit the existing conception of turbines operating at 40 Hz frequency to the frequency of 50 Hz, manufacturers used with success and low risks the method of aerodynamic homothertia as for the case of General Electric MS9001E and MS9001F adapted gas turbines based on the initial MS9001E and MS9001F gas turbines, where this procedure was applied for almost all the components of the gas turbine installation except for the combustion chamber [11].
GT plants are compact installations...