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© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

This is the first report on the possible use of decanter cake waste (DCW) from palm oil industry as alternative nutrient sources and biomass support particles for whole-cell lipase production under solid-state fermentation (SSF) by newly isolated fungal Aspergillus sp. MS15 and their application as a low-cost and environment-friendly biocatalyst for biodiesel production. The results found that DCW supplemented with 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.05% MgSO4·7H2O, 1% peptone and 2% urea and pH adjusted to 6.0 was optimal for whole-cell lipase production. The optimal moisture content and fermentation temperature was 60% and 37.5 °C, respectively. Environmentally friendly biodiesel production, through either esterification or transesterification using whole-cell lipase immobilized on DCW as a biocatalyst, was optimized. The optimal reaction temperature for both reactions was 37 °C. The whole-cell lipase effectively esterified oleic acid into >95% biodiesel yield through esterification under optimal water activity at 0.71 and an optimal methanol to oleic acid molar ratio of 2:1, and also effectively transesterified palm oil under optimal water activity at 0.81 and an optimal methanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1. The fuel properties of produced biodiesel are close to the international biodiesel standards. These results have shown the circular utilization of palm oil mill waste for the low-cost production of an effective biocatalyst, and may contribute greatly to the sustainability of renewable bioenergy production.

Details

Title
Palm Oil Decanter Cake Wastes as Alternative Nutrient Sources and Biomass Support Particles for Production of Fungal Whole-Cell Lipase and Application as Low-Cost Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production
Author
H-Kittikun, Aran 1 ; Cheirsilp, Benjamas 1 ; Sohsomboon, Natthapat 1 ; Binmarn, Darun 1 ; Pathom-aree, Wasu 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Srinuanpan, Sirasit 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; [email protected] (A.H.-K.); [email protected] (N.S.); [email protected] (D.B.) 
 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected]; Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 
First page
1365
Publication year
2021
Publication date
2021
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
22279717
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
2565679066
Copyright
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.