Predisposing Factors to Lymphatic Filariasis among Residents in Igbo-Eze North; an Endemic Area in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The study on lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Igbo-Eze North was conducted to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors to LF among its residents between May and October 2018.

Methods: A total of 201 residents who have lived in the area for at least one year were recruited. They were stratified according to age, gender and occupation, and were clinically examined firstly by rapid assessment method for any lymphoedema and hydrocele. At recruitment, blood samples were collected from all volunteered participants for LF test. In addition, demographic information and risk factors of the respondents were captured using a structured questionnaire by oral interview.

Results: The overall prevalence for LF was 84 (41.8%). Furthermore, LF prevalence was significant (P < 0.05) in all the studied communities: 61.5% in Umuogbuagu, 48.1% in Aguibege, 32.7% in Umuagama and 21.7% in Umuopu. The sex-related prevalence of LF was higher among females than males, with slight significant difference (P = 0.046). In relation to age and occupation, higher prevalences (P < 0.0001) were recorded among older (≥ 50 years) subjects (49, 61.2%) and traders (55, 57.9%) respectively. The risk associated with LF implicated lack of knowledge, non-use of mosquito nets, as well as visit and proximity to water bodies as major predispositions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The prevalence of LF in this study was high. Higher prevalence was among females, older people and traders. Notable risks to the disease outcome are environmental, attitudinal and occupational with chances of scaled up prevalence and burden overtime.