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Abstract
Jharkhand has been declared as 28th state of Indian Union. It is situated in Chhota Nagpur plateau. The adivasis are the original settler of the Jharkhand.
The present study belongs to the "Change of Psychosocial behaviors of the Ho's adivasis of the Jharkhand, their life problems faced and to give its solution in the present changing scenario. There is no uniform and clear information in respect of Ho's tribe and the gradual changing tribal scenario over time.
Keywords: Tribal, change, social behavior, life problems, information.
INTRODUCTION
Going through the reading of the past, it is found that the Tribalism was a precolonial notion, which the British were reconstructing instead of constructing it. They could be identified as a peasant or caste group. The major part of Singhbhum occupied by Ho?s was locally known as Hodesum, which the Hindus improperly called Kolehan, later Kolehan, became the accepted name for the Ho territory.
They occupied the forested and hilly land for agriculture and forestry. Their economy was based on hunting, fishing, gathering and shifting cultivation. Ho-tribals of Jharkhand identified as an aboriginal savage race differing extremely in appearance, religion language and manners from the Hindu low Landers of Hindustan. The Ho's follow "Sarna Dhorom"; however they have seen adopting Hindu ceremonies, rites, festivals and prejudices. Ho's of Singhbhum, even in later years did not give up their mother tongue to adopt a non Ho language.
Ho's are fully attached to their lands, home, forests, culture and ritual ceremonies emotionally. The social festivals are based on agriculture, life is based on nature. They have established a symbiotic relationship with nature. Year start with flower festivals ends with fruit festivals. According to the change of nature Ho's mentality also changes.
The tribals have been deprived of their rightful possession by land acquisition. Their sacred groves and graveyards have been found to be encroached. Forests have been taken under the Govt. control and the tribals are exploited by the Govt. machinery. Deforestation is another problem of the adivasis. Water resources have been captured by the predominant agrarian people.
The policies regarding the development of the tribal people must keep in view the following five principles suggested by the late Pt. J. L. Nehru. Considering the backwardness, so...