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About the Authors:
Kun Li
Contributed equally to this work with: Kun Li, Steven J. Dias
Affiliation: Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
Steven J. Dias
Contributed equally to this work with: Kun Li, Steven J. Dias
Affiliation: Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
Agnes M. Rimando
Affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi, United States of America
Swati Dhar
Affiliation: Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
Cassia S. Mizuno
Affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi, United States of America
Alan D. Penman
Affiliation: Center of Biostatistics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
Jack R. Lewin
Affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
Anait S. Levenson
* E-mail: [email protected]
Affiliations Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America, Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
Introduction
Prostate cancer (PCa) treatment still represents an unmet medical need. Diet-derived polyphenols, including stilbenes, are attractive clinical candidates for primary and secondary cancer chemoprevention due to their ability to not only block or inhibit initiation of carcinogenesis but also to reverse the promotional stages. The latter characteristic makes these compounds promising therapeutic agents. Resveratrol (Res) and other natural stilbenes are phytoalexins that are produced by plants in response to environmental stress [1]. Resveratrol has cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities [2], [3]. The anticancer actions of resveratrol involve regulation of multiple and diverse molecular targets and are mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [4]–[8] and inhibition of angiogenesis [9]–[13].
We recently discovered that resveratrol downregulates metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in PCa [13]. MTA1 overexpression is correlated with clinicopathological parameters that characterize tumor aggressiveness: lymph node metastasis, high tumor grades, and angiogenesis in various cancers [14]–[19]. In human prostate tissues, a high MTA1 level was associated with hormone-refractory PCa [15]. We initially identified MTA1 as a novel participant in the “vicious cycle” of PCa bone metastasis, and further demonstrated that intensity of staining...