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Figure 1. Regional atrophy patterns in mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. (A) The average difference in thickness (mm) for 84 patients with mild AD relative to 139 controls are shown on medial (left) and lateral (right) views of the pial surface of the left hemisphere. Greatest thinning is observed in medial and lateral temporal areas, but significant thinning also appears across association cortices.
(B) Average thickness difference for MCI subjects who were classified as 'AD'by a discriminant model trained on AD and control data. Although less severe, the atrophy pattern is very similar to that of AD subjects. (C) MCI subjects classified as 'normal control'by the discriminant model. These subjects show significantly less atrophy, particularly in medial temporal regions, than MCI subjects classified as 'AD'. For all brain images, the scale reflects thickness differences ranging from -0.3 (yellow) to +0.3 mm (blue).
(D) Average Mini-Mental State Examination score over time for MCI subjects classified as 'AD'and those classified as 'NC'. MCI subjects with phenotypic AD atrophy showed significant, steady cognitive decline over a 2-year period, whereas those without the phenotypic AD atrophy pattern remained cognitively stable. Brain images are reprinted with permission from [60]. AD: Alzheimer's disease; BL: Baseline; MCI: Mild cognitive impairment; NC: Normal control.
(Figure omitted. See article PDF.)
Figure 2. Annual atrophy rates as a function of degree of clinical impairment as assessed with baseline CDR-SB. Mean atrophy rates are represented as a percent change in neocortical volume and mapped onto the lateral (left), ventral (middle) and medial (right) pial surface of the left hemisphere. These data demonstrate that atrophy rates are most prominent in medial and lateral temporal regions early in the course of disease, spreading to parietal and frontal regions as the level of impairment increases, with relative sparing of sensorimotor regions. The scale reflects annual percent change ranging from 0.5 (dark blue) to 3.0%. Note that the scale is optimized for showing disease-related change, rather than change in normal aging. CDR-SB: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes score. Reprinted with permission from [58].
(Figure omitted. See article PDF.)
Figure 3. NeuroQuant report from a mild cognitive impairment patient scanned longitudinally for 2 years as a volunteer in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Ten scans (two...