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Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2014) 93:775780 DOI 10.1007/s00128-014-1382-7
Rapid Determination of Famoxadone and Cymoxanilin Commercial Pesticide Formulation by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using a C18 Monolithic Rod Column
George Balayiannis Helen Karasali
Arpad Ambrus
Received: 11 April 2014 / Accepted: 10 September 2014 / Published online: 19 September 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract The extensive use of plant protection products in urban and rural pest control obliges to develop valid analytical methods for their successful and reliable quality control. An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of famoxadone and cymoxanil, by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography based on the use of a monolithic C18 column has been developed and validated. The method involved the extraction of the active ingredients by sonication of the sample with acetonitrile and direct injection on a reversed phase liquid chromatographic system. The repeatability of the method expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD), was lower than 1 % for both compounds. The limits of quantication for famoxadone and cymoxanil were 10 and 16 lg mL-1 respectively. The new method involves a considerable reduction in time for both sample preparation and analysis. The proposed analytical procedure is accurate and precise.
Keywords Cymoxanil Famoxadone High performance
liquid chromatography Monolithic column Pesticide
formulation
Plant protection policy at both European and National level in member states, aims to reduce risks associated with pesticide use (Brger et al. 2008). The rst step in this policy is the quality control and the monitoring of plant protection products (PPPs). Monitoring PPPs is addressed within the European Union in the context of the adopted regulation 1107/2009 (Ofcial Journal of the EU 2009) replacing directive 91/414/EEC (Ofcial Journal of the EU 1991), which regulates the placing of PPPs on the market. On the other hand another recently introduced EU Directive (128/2009/EE (Ofcial Journal of the EU 2009) establishes regular monitoring programs of PPPs in member states.
PPPs are sold in many different formulation types due to difference in chemical and physical properties of the active substances, ability to control the parasite, and simplicity of handling, transport and employ (Chen and Chen 2013). The use of agrochemical formulations with more than one active ingredient is a common practice in order to improve their crop protective action (Quints...