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Introduction
Use of water has increased owing to population and economic growth, changes in lifestyle, increase in commercial and industrial activities. Approximately 1.5 and 2 billion people live in water-stressed areas all around the world. Water shortage is also becoming a critical global issue in many countries all around the world. Growing of humankind, technology and industry has become one of the most important environmental concerns in the recent years (Huang et al., 2011). Developments in industrial have resulted in generation of large amount of wastewater that contains pollutants (Sivakumar and Palanisamy, 2008). These pollutants, which are owing to industrial activities, are serious environmental problem for human beings and public health because toxicity is a major issue, and they pose a threat for ecosystems. Various types of pollutants are existed in the environment, and one of the most significant pollutants is synthetic dye. Dyes usually have a synthetic origin, complex chemical structure and dangerous organic compounds, and when dyes are discharged into the surface water resources, they reduce photosynthetic activity in the aqueous solution and inhibit the sunlight penetration into the water (Aladag et al., 2014). Because of that reason, it affects growth of aquatic organisms and causes serious destruction to ecosystems Wawrzkiewicz (2013). They can also cause eye burns that may be responsible for permanent injury to the eyes of human and animals, and also, these dyes exist in ecosystems for a long time. Dyes have been used for different type of industries, such as textile, tannery, paint, paper and pulp. Among these industries, the textile industry is one of the most significant and exponentially growing industrial sectors for developing countries. The raw materials such as fibre, fabric, dye, chemicals and its auxiliaries are used in textile industries (Pavithra et al., 2019). The textile industry (54%) releases the highest amount of dye effluent, contributing to more than half of the existing dye effluents have seen in the environment around the world. The dyeing industry (21%), paper and pulp industry (10%), tannery and paint industry (8%) and dye manufacturing industry (7%) are known to produce high amounts of dye effluents (Katheresan et al., 2018). Among the other dye-using industries, the textile industry produces the highest amount of dyestuff at approximately 10,000...