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INTRODUCTION
The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ) is one of the most widely used aggression scales. BAQ is a self-report scale consisting of 29 items answered on a 5-point Likert-type scale that was adapted from the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) (Buss and Durkee 1957). Its 4 subscales measure physical aggression, verbal aggression, hostility, and anger. The physical aggression subscale includes 9 items about physically harming others, the verbal aggression subscale includes 5 items about verbal aggression directed towards others, the anger subscale includes 7 items that measure the affective aspect of aggression, and the hostility subscale includes 8 items that assess the cognitive aspect of aggression.
Many studies have examined the psychometric properties of BAQ using multiple methodologies, most of which have substantiated the findings of the original study (Ireland and Archer 2004; O'Connor, Archer, and Wu 2001; Archer and Haigh 1997a, 1997b; Meesters et al. 1996; Archer, Kilpatrick, and Bramwell 1995; Harris, 1995). The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the subscales and the total scale are adequate (Archer and Haigh 1997; Harris 1997, 1995, Archer, Kilpatrick, and Bramwell 1995; Buss and Perry 1992). Subscale scores exhibit consistent intercorrelations (Harris 1996; Archer, Kilpatrick, and Bramwell, 1995; Buss and Perry, 1992). Buss and Perry (1992) reported that the internal consistency reliability of the subscales and total scale were as follows: physical aggression subscale: .85; verbal aggression subscale: .72; anger subscale: .83; hostility subscale: .77; total scale: .89.
Adaptation studies of BAQ have been performed for numerous languages, including Dutch (Meesters et al. 1996), Japanese (Nakano 2001; Ramirez, Andreu, and Fujihara, 2001), Spanish (Vigil-Colet et al. 2005; Garcia-Leo´ et al. 2002), Slovak (Lovas and Trenkova 1996), Russian (Ruchkin and Eisemann, 2000), Greek (Tsorbatzoudis 2006), and Chinese (Maxwell 2007), and all reported the same 4-factor structure.
Aggression is a growing problem in Turkey and research on aggression in Turkey is increasing in importance. Yet, there is no comprehensive, well-established scale to measure different dimensions of aggression. BAQ is one of the most widely used aggression scales in Turkey, but there has yet to be a published study on adaptation of the scale for use in Turkey. As such, the present study aimed to adapt the original BAQ to Turkish, validate the Turkish version, and the following;
Confirm...