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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurologic movement disorder that is often associated with a sleep complaint. Patients with RLS have an irresistible urge to move their legs, which is usually due to disagreeable sensations that are worse during periods of inactivity and often interfere with sleep. It is estimated that between 2 and 15 percent of the population may experience symptoms of RLS. Primary RLS likely has a genetic origin. Secondary causes of RLS include iron deficiency neurologic lesions, pregnancy and uremia. RLS also may occur secondarily to the use of certain medications. The diagnosis of RLS is based primarily on the patient's history. A list of questions that may be used as a basis to assess the likelihood of RLS is included in this article. Pharmacologic treatment of RLS includes dopaminergic agents, opioids, benzodiazepines and anticonvulsants. The primary care physician plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of RLS. (Am Fam Physician 2000;62:108-14.)
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common, underdiagnosed and treatable condition. A neurologic movement disorder, RLS is often associated with a sleep complaint.1 Patients with RLS may suffer an almost irresistible urge to move the legs, usually due to disagreeable leg sensations that are worse during inactivity and often interfere with sleep.2 RLS may be described as an agitated inability to rest that can have a negative impact on quality of life by causing waking discomfort, chronic sleep deprivation and stress. This article provides science-based information about RLS and its assessment and management in the primary care setting.
Consequences of RLS
Direct adverse effects of RLS include discomfort, sleep disturbances and fatigue.3 These consequences have a secondary impact on functioning by affecting occupational activities, social activities and family life. Disrupted sleep and an inability to tolerate sedentary activities can lead to job loss, a compromised ability to enjoy life and problems with relationships.
Prevalence
RLS is a common disorder. Although the exact prevalence is uncertain, limited studies have indicated that 2 to 15 percent of the population may experience RLS symptoms.4-6 This wide range of results may be due to dif ferences in study methodologies.
Although the prevalence of RLS increases with age,6 it has a variable age of onset and can occur in children.7 In...