Rhetorical Appeals Used in Shakespearean Soliloquies of Hamlet, Macbeth, and Othello

Abstract

In this article, the authors have focused on the rhetorical/ persuasive devices specifically introduced by Aristotle. The rhetorical devices framework has been used on the selected works of Shakespearean tragedies. Shakespeare is well-known for using rhetorical appeals in his plays. He has used these devices to enhance the verbal expression. He convinced the readers silently to imagine the setting of the play in which characters are fixed. He has used these devices that appeal to emotions, values and ideals. This paper specifically analyzes the soliloquies used in the Shakespearean tragedies Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth. The exploratory research is used by the researcher to highlight the impact of the language used to provoke the emotions of the reader. The selected lines of different soliloquies of the afore-stated tragedies were taken as sample for the analysis purposes. The findings revealed that all rhetoric devices i.e. ethos, pathos, kairos, logos and telos had been used by the playwright with more or less frequency. The findings further highlighted that use of rhetorical devices cast significant impact upon the reader's mind, emotions and sense of feelings when they read the text of Shakespearean plays.

Headnote

Abstract

In this article, the authors have focused on the rhetorical/ persuasive devices specifically introduced by Aristotle. The rhetorical devices framework has been used on the selected works of Shakespearean tragedies. Shakespeare is well-known for using rhetorical appeals in his plays. He has used these devices to enhance the verbal expression. He convinced the readers silently to imagine the setting of the play in which characters are fixed. He has used these devices that appeal to emotions, values and ideals. This paper specifically analyzes the soliloquies used in the Shakespearean tragedies Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth. The exploratory research is used by the researcher to highlight the impact of the language used to provoke the emotions of the reader. The selected lines of different soliloquies of the afore-stated tragedies were taken as sample for the analysis purposes. The findings revealed that all rhetoric devices i.e. ethos, pathos, kairos, logos and telos had been used by the playwright with more or less frequency. The findings further highlighted that use of rhetorical devices cast significant impact upon the reader's mind, emotions and sense of feelings when they read the text of Shakespearean plays.

Keywords

Rhetorical appeals, Ethos, Pathos, Kairos, Logos, Telos

1.Introduction

The topic Rhetorical appeals used in Shakespeareans soliloquies of Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth aims to investigate the different rhetorical devices in the Shakespearean tragedies. The concept of the Aristotle's rhetorical devices makes the play more interesting and it helps the reader in understanding the mood and tone of the play. It is a skill necessary for the support of the events of the play or it is compulsory for the legal advocates.

Hamlet by means of William Shakespeare is not a drama approximately a person who is incapable of you decide neither is it most effective about hamlet in search of revenge. Revenge is most effective part if now not first half of the play. It is about a person who's going through a non-secular metamorphosis. A few say Hamlet is many of the greatest performs ever written, however is it approximately a person who's dim-witted and gradual, incapable of creating up his mind?

The language of the play is sometimes difficult to understand. The play is written in prose and verse combination. The play starts in Denmark where the king comes in ghost and tells hamlet about the murderer. He is worried and upset because his mother Gertrude married to his uncle Claudius. He is confused what to do so he decided to act as a mad person to identify the truth of the murder of his father. His father asks Hamlets friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to find the reason of Hamlets condition.

Hamlets ask a group of actors to act a play who murder the sleeping king so that he can observe and judge the expressions of Claudius. Hamlet tells Ophelia that he never loved her and started arguing and suddenly during the argument he killed Ophelia's father Polonius. He also teases Gertrude that how she can be so happy with her second hu sband after the death of the father. Ophelia killed herself and Claudius, Laertes (brother of Ophelia) plot to kill hamlet. During the battle, Laertes and Hamlet wounded but he killed Claudius before his death.

1.1 Background to the Study

The power of language cannot be denied. Words have power to shape the lives of people. Rhetoric as according to Aristotle, it is the faculty of staring at in any given case is the available manner of conversation. He recognized the power of rhetoric and it is visible almost in every work of Shakespeare. He has used these rhetorical appeals to create the masterpiece in literature and to persuade the audience. He really knows how to engage the readers and audience.

Weib and Schwietring is of the view that language conveys strength of domination and at the identical time undermines it. The relation of language and power is ambivalent (Weib & Schwietring, 2015). Murcia is of the opinion that language can change the situation; it can help people to understand the things in a better way. These persuasive devices are so powerful that that it conveys the strongest message even; language can change the audience and readers (Murcia, 2011). Greenblatt said that, persuasive or rhetorical devices are not terms only; it's an art for reading and writing. Shakespeare has used the rhetorical appeals in order to make the audience realize the power of language and how the strong impact is on the audience. He used about two hundred of the rhetorical devices. It's sometimes a challenge for the reader to understand so many devices (Greenblatt, 64).

According to Rhode, these persuasive devices or rhetorical appeals are effective for the audience and readers but they never give the answers in yes or no. These persuasions have the power of assertion and it provokes the reader to think about the ideas and thoughts that are being discussed in the text. A reader can rethink about the ideas and thoughts which he is thinking about the text Rohde (2006, p. 134). Abioye is of the opinion that these appeals secure the point of view and asserts the things on the reader Abioye (2011, p. 291).

1.2 Rationale of the Study

This research aims to attempt the power of language used in Shakespearean tragedies of Othello, Hamlet, and Macbeth by using the persuasive devices. To attain such impact we come across subtlety, insinuation and silences juxtaposed to explicitness and declarative dialogues as the main techniques of both linguistic and psychological manage continually suffering from the external and inner realities that enhance said emotional declension in the three tragedies, as a result the fields of language the dramatic movement come collectively to entail atrocious occasions, thus language itself becoming a powerful agent holds the key to the dramatic twists and emotional variety.

1.3 Research Questions

1) What kinds of rhetorical devices have been used in Shakespearean tragedies?

2) How significantly the use of Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Telos, and Kairos effect the power of expression and rhetorical appeals of characters in Shakespearean plays?

2.Literature Review

Barley and Kunda is of the view that rhetorical appeal is one of the most powerful tools which the reader can easily use for the manipulation (Barley & Kunda, 1992; David & Strang 2006; Oakes, Townley, & Cooper, 1998). It also helps the reader to understand the language, intentions and thoughts of the character which helps the reader in relating the things in the daily life. Furthermore, rhetoric is critical to strength of mind and self-awareness. Holt emphasizes that rhetoric is especially useful for capturing the "mystery, fluidity, depen dency, tradition, and other atmospheric annoyances of ordinary life" Holt (2006).

Burke is of the opinion that these devices are so powerful that every individual can use it in a daily life and these are for everyone. As such, it is a sensible art and the faculty of theorizing. It is not good or bad, it helps a person in interacting in an impressive way (Burke, 1969, p. 43). It helps in communicating the things in a better way. Aristotle gave these persuasive devices so that the speaker and listener/reader can understand the communication. He was the only one who pointed out and talked about the ethics and emotions. These devices help us in achieving the goal more easily. Expressiveness of the situation and used of the language is the soul of everything so, these devices helps us at different levels like syntactic, phonetic. The integration of these tools adds imagery, expressions and emotions. Psychological pauses, intonation, special slowdown for the acceleration of speech, uses of emotional language to express the emotions, words that express ethics and morals, all these things are very important for the writer and reader both to understand the message which other wants to convey.

The researcher has tried to get insight to the mechanism of the persuasive devices that how it works and evoke the emotions of the reader. The studies of others readers has also been highlighted. Before, the following scientfic evaluation made it possible to extra accurately establish the belonging of that different part of the experimental material to one of the rhetorical categories based totally on informative and pragmatic speech evaluation.

By way of manipulating the audience's feelings, the speaker adds to the formation of a reaction to logical arguments; simultaneously emphasizing that "arousing passions" isn't always moral, that the speaker builds his speech based on the moral standards of society. The choice to listen to the speaker is basically decided by way of the truth of his observance of ethical speech standards and policies. The most important rhetoric component is the ethos. It is an appeal to moral standards like honesty, moral values of the society, legality etc. It must comply with the moral standards to arouse the readers/audiences.

According to the Dickson, people, reader or the audience trust the speaker because of his words, language, common concepts and values used in the speech. They trust the ethos based speech (Dickson-La Prade, 2020). Logos is another strong rhetorical component which leads the communication towards logic, which tells the reader the main point and logic about the argument. It makes the argument strong. Magsomuv is of the opinion that an enchantment to logos is composed in a clean and understandable argumentation of one's position, based speech, connection with existing evidence (Magsumov, 2019, pp. 215- 221).

Pathos is a prominent rhetoric figure which portrays the emotions of the speaker. Pathos-primarily based influencing judicial speech is characterized by way of the usage of the subsequent rules: a) the use of unique lexical devices to beautify emotional effect; b) the dramatization and visualization of info and reasons of movements; c) the competition "us-them", the overall - the unique, and so forth.

Manzin is of the view that all the rhetorical appeals are really important to define nay argument or any claim. The use one device cannot define the argument in a very clear way. Where we talk about the emotions we have to focus on the logic argument also. There must be some reason to define the point of view. So, all these rhetorical devices make the opinion and point of view powerful and strong (Manzin & Tomasi, 2014, pp. 930-941). All these devices help the readers in the judgment of the said speech.

The use of the persuasive devices in the Shakespearean plays not only helps the reader to understand the happenings in the play, it also helps the common man, even the teachers to teach thongs by using these persuasive devices. According to Rockin, the language of the Shakesprean plays helps his students to interpret the situation in different ways and it gives them margin to show their creativity. It was just because of the rhetorical appeals used in the Shakespearean's play (Rocklin, 76). These tools help the students to understand the relation between audience, speaker and the author.

3.Research Methodology

Research Methodology is a technique to acquire, analyze and interpret the records. Inside the present examine the researcher will use the qualitative layout studies to explore the facts. Qualitative studies are the studies to of accumulating and studying the data. The soliloquies in Shakespearian tragedies, Othello, Hamlet and Macbeth are inspected by using observation and analysis method.

3.1Conceptual Framework

Research framework is the manner or the way taken for carrying out the research. It's a kind of man ual for the researcher. Here, the qualitative research has been used. The qualitative research is a multi-approach and naturalistic technique to its challenge is counted. It includes case observe, private revel in and perspectives of other critics. Population has its own importance and the researcher tries to predict and analyses the findings from the given population. The sample drawn from the population framework consisted upon 03 plays of Shakespeare.

The data collection tools were the criticism of other critics, periodicals and journals, newspaper etc. The researcher has used two methods for the data collection. One is the primary source and second is the secondary source of the data collection. Primary sources are unique, authentic and real on which research is based. Second is the secondary source which is taken and amassed from the actual websites. Secondary source of information is the criticism. The researcher has visited libraries to accumulate material to complete the research. Internet is the largest source of facts now a days and researcher has acquired distinctive cloth from the electronic media for the research cause.

3.2Framework of Analysis

4.Analysis and Discussions

A comprehensive analysis and undergoing interpretation of the data has been given as under:

4.1 Discussions 1:

Shakespeare has used the rhetorical appeals in Hamlet. It can be seen that these appeals made the speeches strong and powerful. After the death of Hamlets father everyone in the court was in pain. Claudius and Gertrude was of the view that court cannot afford such grief for a long time. So both announced their marriage and when Hamlet heard the news of her mother's marriage, he gets emotional and expresses the pain by saying that even a beast would have mourned little longer. He should not express his pain in front of others because it's useless. In Act 3, he is just asking from himself that should I kill Claudius. He wanted to take the revenge because the ghost reveals the truth. The ghost was really his father? These questions portray that Hamlet is confused and not able to take the decision. He wanted to commit suicide. That is why he said hat to be or not to be, that is the question?

Claudius and Gertrude when entered in the courtroom they called Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and asked them to look after hamlet and try to find the reason. Now, here is the logic that the characters are trying to find the reason. Shakespeare has used the logos in the soliloquies of hamlet so that a reader can understand the relationship of the text with the statements and dialogues. On the other hand they also convinced Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to take Hamlet to England because he is a threat for the Claudius.

The repetition of adieu reveals the mood and the purpose of the appearing the ghost to the audience. The purpose of this repetition is that he never wants to forget the words of ghost because the desire of the ghost is to accept him as a hero. The purpose of the line "O what a rogue and peasant slave am I! Is it not monstrous that this player here But in a fiction, in a dream of profession." can be seen clearly that he is accusing himself because he is a slave and cannot take revenge and using unsympathetic words for himself. This speech makes the audience clear that what hamlet is thinking about him. This soliloquy make the audience sympathize with hamlet.

The play is the thing where I will catch the conscience of the king is another persuasive language. Here, to convince the audience that this is the exact time when he should know about the truth. He stages a play where he will observe the expressions of the Claudius. This will help him in taking the decision that what he should do.

Hamlet reveals the purpose of not killing the Claudius during the prayer because he thought that he will be in haven then! He should not kill him in this way. These rhetorical appeals made the audience clear about the upcoming happenings in the play. These rhetorical appeals grab the attention of the reader.

4.2 Discussions 2:

The rhetorical appeals in the play Othello plays an important role in comprehending the text in an interesting way. It is seen in act 1 scene 3 that iago is considered the most obedient and honest man and writer has used ethos to understand the text. He is a brave warrior and that is the reason Duke trusts him most. He asked him to defend the Cyprus. Suppose Othello is used to humans either believing in him or overtly hating him so he does not suspect iago guidelines while he continuously sees a sincere guy.

Cassio wants to move forward to get the love of Desdemona and iago promised him that he will do something. But the plan can be successful with the help of cassio as he is ambitious. Thoughts, feelings and emotions of cassio are revealed. The character and behavior of cassio is visible for creating the circumstances under which iago can enact his plan. The purpose of saying Thus do I ever make my fool my purse is to take the advantage from Rodrigo. He wants to fulfill his desires and that is why he observed the things. Rodrigo trusts him most and iago gives him a motivation to kill Cassio.

Till I am... wife, this text is telling the purpose behind that why iago is creating so much confusions. These lines reveal to the audience that the purpose of mistreating everyone is to take revenge from Othello. Iago is reacting as an extremist and he just wants that even judgment must not clarify the misunderstandings. This act reveals the difference between the appearance and the reality.

The line, if I would time expend with such spine is an important line because here reader is going to understand the intentions of the iago. He uses several But for my sport. Be true. From these lines reader/audience can understand the character development easily. The cassio loves her .... I do. Shakespeare, by using the device Kairos explained to the audience that he wants to take revenge from Othello and trying to make sure that there should be is understandings between Othello and his wife because he knows that he loves her too much so he wanted to tell Othello that his wife had arelationship with cassio. Actually iago also loves Desdemona.

Thus do ..purse. These lines have a strong impact on the audience because iago said these words to the heartbroken Rodrigo who is trying to buy the love of Desdemona. The purpose of doing all this is to get a profit or advantage by manipulating the things. Here, the use of Telos is inspiring for the audience and easy to understand the thoughts and ideas of the writer. In the line, I have. The worlds light. The purpose of saying hell and night is to shatter the happiness and life of Othello and by saying worlds light, he is referring to himself. He is considering himself as a light here.

Shakespeare has successfully balanced iago character. The perspective cannot be denied easily. The perspective of the listeners is friendship to mistrust and murder. He manipulates the Montano. In act 2 scene 3, there is a difference between the appearance and reality. The more Desdemona helps cassio, the more she faced a lot of trouble. It was the proper planning of iago to ruin the relationship of both Othello and Desdemona. Ethos is prominent in these lines as audience must know that there is a reason behind all these happenings.

4.3 Discussions 3:

Rhetorical devices which Shakespeare has used in his pays burst the emotions, passions, feelings of the character. These devices help in analyzing the literature effectively. These are the ways to tell the audience that what the best way to make our writing extraordinary is. For teaching language Shakespeare's plays are the best tool which a person can use. Shakespeare has used the language in such a way that it convinces the reader about the events. As it can be seen in the first act scene three where witches gave him news to be a thane of Cawdor but he is still worried about the Duncan. In fact this makes him terrified. This action is foreshadowing the audience about what is going to happen in the play.

In act 1 scene 3, persuasion is visible in the soliloquy of Macbeth. He is taking the final decision that he has to kill the Duncan as early as possible because this is the only way to get power and success. What ought to he do? He confronted the tower wall and pressed his forehead against it. If it can be all finished and completed with while it's accomplished then it is able to as nicely be performed quick. If most effective the repercussions of the murder could be managed. If most effective all the chance may want to stop with Duncan's demise -. If most effective the death blow could be the cease of it -. If simplest we could break out the results of our moves right here on this planet - bypass the lifestyles to return -. Macbeth climbed as much as the battlements and seemed up on the sky. There were no stars. The trouble was that we've got desire: we've got freedom of preference. However if we pick out violent options they come back to plague us. And it was that regulation, that even-exceeded justice that turned into the problem. While we poison others we poison ourselves.

In act 1 scene 7, line 19, 20 the persuasion is again visible that convince the readers and audience that Duncan s strength cannot be denied and thoughts and desire of Macbeth cannot be controlled as it is horse. He is so much ambitious, carrying out his plan to kill Duncan. So, the audience came to know about the Duncan's purity that he is such an honest man that even angles cry at his murder. Here, Macbeth is worried and terrified because of the prophecies and these lines reveals that the audience must know about the reason of his attitude. He is not able to decide that whether he has to kill Duncan or not. He is not calm and struggling with his conscious.

In this soliloquy lady Macbeth is worried and calling the spirits to take away the goodness from her. Shakespeare has used some tricks in his language for the readers to understand the happenings in a clear way. Here, she reveals that the death is waiting for the King Duncan. He will be a guest at their home and Lady Macbeth is persuading her husband to kill Duncan.

Macbeth is on the way to castle but Duncan didn't know that his death is taking him to the castle. Here, audience came to know about the action of the lady Macbeth or what she is thinking about the future. She is calling spirits to take away her moral thoughts and humanity just for the sake of the crown and she wanted to enjoy thepower.

Two truths are told ....stresses on the fact that he is very much serious in his thoughts. It is the first soliloquy of Macbeth so it's telling about the dark journey of Macbeth. The purpose of sharing these lines is that everyone was thinking that Macbeth cannot think about the murder of the Duncan but let the audience know about what is in the mind of Duncan.

Is this dagger. The purpose of this soliloquy isrevealing the ideaof killing Duncan. He refused to accept the prophecies of witches in front of the Banquo but when he left, in the dark hall Macbeth talking to his self and pointing the Duncan. The purpose of killing Duncan was to be Thane of Cowdar as it is revealed by the three witches. Actually he is lying that he has never thought about the prophecies and this soliloquy shows that he really wants to kill Duncan. It can be said that there is inner conflict "And make my heart seated heart knock at my ribs". It is obvious from the lines that Shakespeare want to tell the audience that all is going to happen because of the prophecies of witches. He thought that if he will kill Duncan, he will be trapped in the supernatural world. The lust for seat and crown is prominent in these lines.

4.4Synthesis

The use of persuasive devices in Shakespeare plays clarifies the concept of the reader and it really boosts the interest of the audience. Aristotle was the person who taught about the use of the persuasive devices and these devices helped in understanding the meanings of the text. The gap is minimized now because of the rhetorical devices (Aristotle, 1984). It is observed that all the soliloquies used in the plays reveal the inner thoughts and conflict of the character which appeals the audience. He really knew how to engage his audience. The rhetorical devices introduced by Aristotle are present in the plays of Shakespeare. Ethos, pathos, logos, telos, Kairos, all these rhetorical appeals are present in the play and it minimizes the gap between reader and the author. This is the mastery of Shakespeare combining all of these rhetorical elements, taking into consideration each element of the speech alongside the tone, the visible presentation and such. Austin states that the speech is a powerful thing that it performs the action of saying something Austin (1962, p. 99).

Shakespeare will continue to be continually a mystery of the human thoughts. Its miles exciting to study, based on rhetorical ideas and their improvement for the duration of the while beginning with the historical teachings of rhetoric by way of Aristotle, how Shakespeare uses this information to create masterpieces of theater and literature. Or, did Shakespeare create his personal rhetoric? He has used the figures of speech effective and in a persuasive manner. Bremond is of the view that it is widely noticed that the ethical examples given in the medieval literature which offers models for imitation or rejection in narrative form-played a main position as persuasive devices in preaching (Bremond et al., 1982).

It is observed in the play Othello that Shakespeare has mentioned some happenings which portrayed and highlights ethics. In Othello when iago tells the false things about other characters but by using the rhetorical device he made the audience realize that he is an honest man and everybody can trust him well. When he says, that thinks men... By the nose. Iago plan was to destroy the relationship of Othello and Desdemona and to make audience realize the truth; he has used the persuasive device ethos. When he says, Divinity of hell.. As I do now. This is the purpose and benefits of the rhetorical devices that audience can better understand what the author is trying to say. The hidden meanings of the text can be understood easily. These devices help in constructing the reality. Dogulas is of the opinion that these persuasive devices force the reader to think, feel critically and perform the action in a particular way (Douglas et al., 2001).

Let's observe another persuasive device logos which tells the audience about the logic behind the happening, support the calming the play Macbeth, Killing Duncan will be the right decision or not. He wants to be asking that is why he wanted to kill the Duncan and again the claims support the happenings and idea as it is observed from the dialogue also, If it were done. but this blow. Another evidence is highlighted which really supports the call of the author, when the witches told Macbeth about the future he is facing inner conflict. Two truths are told. Supernatural soliciting. Charteris-Black (2005) states that persuasion challenges the existing beliefs and behaviors. A person tries to identify the inner thoughts and reality which the writer/author have mentioned in the text.

The other persuasive device is Pathos which really arouses the emotions and feelings of the reader/audience. This makes the argument strong and more convincing for the reader. It is observed in the play hamlet that Shakespeare is trying to make the audience realize that hamlet is totally broken and he is feeling helpless when his mother got married to his uncle. He is mentally disturbed and this rhetorical spec expresses and tells the audience about the sensitivity of the dialogue and the text. Even a beast could have... with mine uncle. Due to these words and sad attitude of the hamlet, audience is showing sympathy to hamlet. This is the power of the persuasion that it opens the doors for the reader which he himself doesn't know that it can break or make person well.

On the other hand hamlet is thinking not to express his anger in front of the audience. Because of the self-pity he is disturbed and said, but break my heart. hold my tongue. This anger and sadness makes the audience emotional and it is because of the power of words only. To judge the upcoming events or happenings in the novel it is mandatory that one should know about the power of words and sentences. Shakespeare knew it that with the support of these claims, the reader audience understands well about the writer and the characters. Campbell and Huxman claims (2009, p. 7) that asserts the intentionality of the rhetorical act pronouncing "a rhetorical act is an intentional, created, polished strive to overcome the demanding situations in a given scenario with a specific target market on a given trouble to reap a specific stop." Campbell and Huxman (2009, p. 7).

Shakespeare's plays are a superb mixture of language and technique. Use of all the rhetorical devices in his plays shows the blend of verbal expression with the expressions of the audience. In a play Macbeth, the appropriate tone and structure of the sentence by using the rhetorical devices Kairos is inspiring. It is visible in act I scene 3, when Shakespeare has followed the perfect timing to convince the audience and readers. Macbeth tells the audience about his inner thoughts in a soliloquy and taking the prophecies of witches in a serious way and said, Two truths are told.supernatural soliciting.

In act 2, scene 1, When Duncan is coming to stay at the place of Macbeth as a guest but here the planning of Macbeth is to kill Duncan is the climax of the scene. Lady Macbeth is calling the spirits so that she can stay strong. She said in a soliloquy, Come you spirits that. Thick my blood. Now here Duncan is coming happily to stay at palace but he did not know that his death is calling him at the palace. She is calling the spirits at a right time and Shakespeare has used the timings in a perfect way. These things emphasize the use of the rhetorical device Kairos. Use of rhetorical devices shows that how the writer, by using charismatic language persuade the audience to achieve the target. It removes the dis agreement. Badwai is of the opinion that the uniqueness of the Shakespeare's plays lies in the terms of his time and place Badawi (1981). His characters are humans irrespective of the opinion that they belong to which category. Either they are Muslim, non-Muslim., Christians etc. Mahao is of the opinion that the characters of Shakespeare are universal and timeless. He has explored the issues which a common man is having. In fact, everyone face these issues in his life. These issues like friendship, love, loyalty these concepts never change Mahao (2002).

In the play Hamlet, act 2 scene 2, Hamlet is trying to judge the expression of his uncle by acting on play. He stages the play to find the truth. Here Shakespeare has use the powerful telos technique and tells the audience that performing a play is the not to fill the page in the act. It is for a purpose; purpose to tell the audience about the reality. He assert s "O what a rogue and. In a dream of profession". It was the goal to find the truth. It is a powerful force to convey something to the audience.

Thus, it is clear from the above mentioned discussion that Shakespeare has used these devices to create the interest of the reader, he has stated writing his play in Elizabethan era and the target of Shakespeare was those issues which a man faces in his life. All the rhetorical appeals are visible in the soliloquies.

5.Conclusion

The findings of the study show that the rhetorical appeal is the strong figure of speech which makes the reading and writing strong. It makes a convincing argument and avoids disagreement. It is the art of writing by using different words and language. It has a great impact on the reader and it makes the reader curious about the things. Shakespeare has used rhetorical devices in his plays which make the plays easier to understand. Every character portrays exceptional ability in rhetoric. These characters persuade other characters by playing with their sentiments. Shakespeare uses persuasive appeals in order to give evidence of his mastery of rhetoric.

Sidebar

How to cite this paper: Faiza Altaf, Muhammad Arfan Lodhi. (2023). Rhetorical Appeals Used in Shakespearean Soliloquies of Hamlet, Macbeth, and Othello. The Educational Review, USA, 7(2), 161-171.

Received: January 28, 2023

Accepted: February 26, 2023

Published: March 20, 2023

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