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Abstract
Crime rate in Malaysia is almost in awareness stage. The centre for Public Policy Studies Malaysia reports that the ratio of police to population is 3.6 officers to 1,000 citizens in Malaysia. This lack of manpower sources ratios alone are not a comprehensive afford of crime fighting capabilities. In conjunction, some report said that, higher crime rate happen at night in the dark place, such as dark parking lots or alleys. These desolated places are everywhere and makes it difficult to cover with such a small of manpower. Even do the work force is sufficient, dealing with a dark illumination is a critical task. Thus, dealing with these circumstances, we present a comprehensive study to determine crime behavior with PCA and different classifier algorithm such as Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), k-Nearest neighbor (k-NN), Fuzzy k-Nearest neighbor (Fuzzy k-NN), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) under different illumination levels. This system provided a good justification as a monitoring supplementary tool for the Malaysian police arm forced
Key Words: PCA, Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), k-Nearest neighbor (k-NN), Fuzzy k-Nearest neighbor (Fuzzy k-NN), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), illumination levels
1. Introduction
Based on the 2012 Global Piece Index (GPI), Malaysia rates very well both regionally and worldwide with 1.485 GPI. Looking at crime categories, Malaysia is assigned the same, or better, ratings than these countries with rank 20 of 158 in around the world (lower scores being optimal) [1].
Nevertheless, the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) reports that they employ 93,000 officers [2],[3], and the Centre for Public Policy Studies Malaysia reports that the ratio of police to population is 3.6 officers to 1,000 citizens and the ethnic composition of the police force is 78% Malay, 4% Indian, 2.5% Chinese, and 15% others [4], For comparison purposes, Australia's ratio is 2.1 officers per 1,000 citizens [5]. Many sources caution that police to population ratios alone are not a comprehensive measure of crime fighting capabilities [6],
In addition, violent crimes occur between 6 A.M. and 6 P.M. in 52.7 percent of cases. Simple assaults occur 57.6 percent of the time during these same hours, as do 42.2 percent of aggravated assaults. Approximately two-thirds (63.2 percent) of rapes/sexual assaults occur at night [7]. With insufficient of work...