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Abstract: What primarily brings philosophy into social work theory is the maximum level of analysis, the integrative, transdisciplinary and holistic perspective, as well as the critical-axiological ethical approach. The analysis and the theorization, as well as the intervention from this level, the philosophical one, is made, with priority, from the perspective of the ideas and values related to the fundamental human rights, human solidarity, human dignity, equality, freedom and responsibility. Therefore, both the core values, but also the fundamental mission/objectives of social work/welfare have their origins or the theoretical-axiological foundation, to a great extent, in philosophy, in social philosophy, axiology/ethics and deontology etc. The contribution of philosophy is also crucial in establishing and substantiating the general ethical framework of the activity and system of social work/welfare, regarding the constitution and substantiation of the social workers deontological norms/codes of practice, as well as regarding its multidisciplinary, complex and humanistic professional education/formation, thus ensuring, through its activity and that of the social services and institutions, to accomplish, by reporting to truly humanistic criteria of efficiency and effectiveness, not only the circumstantial objectives of subsistence, but also of some higher, superior goals, of change, welfare and rehabilitation, related to the condition of human being of the client.
Keywords: professional training in social work, social work theory, philosophy, level of analysis and intervention, effectiveness of intervention
Introducere
Aşa cum bine se cunoaşte, prin misiunea acesteia, asistenţa socială - centrată în mare măsură pe obţinerea bunăstării şi autonomizării persoanelor aflate în dificultate - este cu preponderenţă un domeniu al practicii şi intervenţiei efective, însă pe parcursul timpului şi-a construit şi o teorie proprie destul de consistent&acaron;. Un rol important l-au avut aici şi sistemele teoretico-metodologice ale marilor ştiinţe socioumane, în principal sociologia şi psihologia, dar şi filosofia. Fiecare dintre aceste ştiinţe a contribuit, şi contribuie în prezent, de pe poziţia şi nivelul de analiză şi teoretizare la care opereaz&acaron;, la afirmarea şi dezvoltarea sistemului teoretico-metodologic al asistenţei sociale, prin rezultatele cercetărilor din sfera largă a fenomenelor, proceselor şi realităţilor socioumane, cu teoria specifică de baz&acaron;, dar şi cu aşa-zisa parte aplicativă a acestora, cu precădere cea care analizează şi cercetează aspectele problematice, anomice, de disfuncţionalitate şi nedezvoltare/întârziere, tulburările, deficienţele umane şi sociale de la nivel individual, relaţional, microgrupal, comunitar...