Human economics systems theory: a new framework for investing in sustainable health and well-being

Abstract

Issue/problem

Dominant economic paradigms, particularly neoliberal frameworks prioritizing market growth, have inadequately addressed the fundamental socioeconomic determinants of health, mental health, and sustainability. Health outcomes are deeply shaped by patterns of resource distribution and relational power, yet economic and health policies are often developed in isolation. A new systems approach is needed to bridge this divide and realign public health investment with human and planetary well-being.

Description of the problem

Human Economics Systems Theory (HEST) proposes a new conceptual framework that places the economy at the center of a dynamic system linking governance, social determinants of health, environmental sustainability, and cultural context. Grounded in systems thinking, resilience theory, and anthropological insights, HEST models how economic structures fundamentally shape human survival, flourishing, and community formation. The objective was to provide a systems-based tool to guide transformative policy development for sustainable, equitable health outcomes.

Results

HEST identifies leverage points where economic policy interventions can create positive feedback loops for health equity, mental health, social cohesion, and environmental resilience. It reframes ‘investment’ as strengthening adaptive, equitable systems rather than treating health and economy as separate domains. The conceptual model offers policymakers new insights into structuring societies that align economic design with human well-being.

Lessons

HEST highlights the inseparability of economic systems and public health. By realigning investment strategies to respect human relational dynamics, survival needs, and social determinants, policymakers can cultivate sustainable, equitable, and resilient communities. Human Economics Systems Theory offers a new lens for reimagining health policy, economic policy, and the social contract across diverse countries and settings.

Key messages

• Public health investment must realign economic systems with human well-being, survival needs, and social equity.

• Human Economics Systems Theory offers a systems-based framework for sustainable, equitable health, and economic policy.