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Contents
- Abstract
- Framing the Problem
- Overview of the Article
- Selection of Category Systems
- Approaches to Searching for the Structure of Coping
- Desiderata for Category Systems to Classify Ways of Coping
- Inductive Approaches: Identifying Lower Order Categories of Coping
- Exploratory Factor Analysis
- Lack of clarity in category definitions
- Problems of comprehensiveness
- Problems determining functional homogeneity and functional distinctiveness
- Rational Classification of Items Into Coping Categories
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis
- Strengths and Limitations of Bottom-Up Approaches
- Lower order categories of coping
- Conclusions about bottom-up strategies
- Deductive or Top-Down Approaches: Higher Order Categories Used to Classify Ways of Coping
- Distinctions Among Functions of Coping
- Distinction between problem- versus emotion-focused coping
- Critique of problem-focused versus emotion-focused coping
- General critique of single functions as higher order categories
- Topological Distinctions as Higher Order Categories
- Description of approach versus avoidance
- Critique of approach and avoidance
- General critique of topological distinctions
- Distinctions Used to Identify Higher Order Action Categories
- Primary versus secondary control coping
- Assimilation and accommodation
- Social distinctions
- Effortful versus involuntary responses to stress
- “Good news” versus “bad news” ways of coping
- Strengths and Limitations of Top-Down Approaches
- Combining the Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches: Hierarchical Systems of Multidimensional Higher Order Categories
- Empirically Tested Coping Hierarchies
- Coping Strategies Inventory
- Children's Coping Strategy Checklist (CCSC)
- The Pain Response Inventory
- Responses to Stress Questionnaire
- Strategies for testing coping hierarchies
- Two Hierarchies Based on Review and Rational Classification
- Review of children's coping
- Coping as action regulation
- Comparison of Higher Order Families of Coping
- Problem solving
- Seeking support
- Escape-avoidance
- Distraction
- Cognitive restructuring
- Candidates for core families
- Families from rational classifications
- Relationships Among Higher Order Categories of Coping
- Higher order categories that were not used
- Alternative strategies for organizing higher order ways of coping
- Possible organizing principles
- Criteria of Functional Homogeneity and Distinctiveness: Linking Higher Order Coping Categories to Adaptive Processes
- Analysis of adaptive functions
- Application to the identification of higher order families: Functional homogeneity
- Application to the identification of higher order families: Functional distinctiveness
- Empirical questions about functional homogeneity and distinctiveness
- Criteria of Scope of Category Systems: Generativity and Flexibility
- Conclusion
- Appendix A
- Appendix B
- Appendix C
- Appendix D
- Appendix E
Figures and Tables