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Many studies conducted by EPA over the last 25 years have shown measurable levels of more than 107 known carcinogens in modern offices. The presence of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is due to the change from open windows to energy-efficient living and working environments-modifications made necessary during the energy crisis of the 1970s. Combined with the advent of modem building methodology and products, the result has been energy-efficient offices that contain amounts of known cancer-causing chemicals. In extreme cases, some sites have such high levels of contaminants that they are known as "sick buildings" because exposure to them causes inhabitants to exhibit multiple symptoms of sickness.
A 1984 World Health Organization committee report suggested that up to 30 percent of new and remodeled buildings worldwide may be the subject of excessive complaints related to indoor air quality (IAQ). Although this condition is often temporary, some buildings have long-term problems. Frequently, problems arise when a building is operated or maintained in a manner inconsistent with its original design or prescribed operating procedures. Some problems are a result of poor building design or occupant activities.
The term "sick building syndrome" (SBS) is used to describe situations in which building occupants experience acute health and comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent in a building, yet no specific illness or cause can be identified. Complaints may be localized (within a particular room) or widespread throughout the building. In contrast, the term "building-related illness" (BRI) is used when symptoms of diagnosable illness are identified and can be attributed directly to airborne building contaminants.
INDICATORS OF SBS
*Building occupants complain of symptoms associated with acute discomfort, such as headache; eye, nose or throat irritation; dry cough; dry or itchy skin; dizziness and nausea; difficulty in concentrating; fatigue; and sensitivity to odors.
*Cause of symptoms is not known.
*Most complainants report relief soon after leaving the building.
INDICATORS OF BRI
* Building occupants complain of symptoms such as cough, chest tightness, fever, chills and muscle aches.
*Symptoms can be clinically defined and have clearly identifiable causes.
*Complainants may require prolonged recovery times after leaving the building.
It is important to note that complaints may result from other causes as well. These may include an illness contracted outside...