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Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech.
Website: www.neptjournal.com
Received: 23-07-2019
Accepted: 29-08-2019
Key Words:
Artificial neural network; Chemical oxygen demand; Compound parabolic collector; Response surface methodology; TiO2 nanomaterial
ABSTRACT
In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) models were used to investigate the heterogeneous photocatalysis performance in removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate using compound parabolic collector. Effect of the three parameters, i.e. pH, catalyst dosage and irradiation time were studied for COD removal efficiency and these parameters are optimized by the RSM. The optimum values of pH 5, the dosage of 0.75 g/L and irradiation time of 100 minutes is capable to remove 32.19% of COD from the leachate. A good agreement is shown by the analysis of variance for the regression coefficient R2 for predicted value (0.92268) and adjusted value (0.9776). The proposed RSM and ANN model R2 values were found to be 0.9882 and 0.9974 respectively, which confirms the ideality of RSM and ANN. The results also confirm that the input and output data from RSM could be appropriate to build the ANN model. Further BOD5/COD ratio is studied for the biodegradability of leachate and it was found that increase of biodegradability value from 0.17 to 0.47 was at pH 3, catalyst dosage of 1 g/L and irradiation time of 150 minutes.
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INTRODUCTION
It is observed that the countries having high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are generating more MSW compared to the developing and underdeveloped countries (Shekdar 2009). Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is now becoming an important segment, because of increased population, environmental degradation caused by pollution, emerging newer technologies, rapid urbanization and public importance towards hygiene and sanitation (Joshi & Ahmed 2016). Most of the developing countries including India have adopted landfilling as the final disposal method for their MSW, because of proven technology, cost-effectiveness, easy to implement and operate. Unavoidable pollutants produced from the landfill are methane gas and leachate.
Leachate is highly hazardous, consisting of high organic pollutants, salts, ammonia and toxic heavy metals. The organic pollutants studied for leachate globally are for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Dissolve Organic Carbon (DOC). Other two indicator ratios...