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Mol Biol Rep (2014) 41:50055018 DOI 10.1007/s11033-014-3367-3
Staphylococcus aureus mobile genetic elements
Babek Alibayov Lamine Baba-Moussa
Haziz Sina Kamila Zdekov Kateina Demnerov
Received: 28 December 2013 / Accepted: 4 April 2014 / Published online: 13 April 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Abstract Among the bacteria groups, most of them are known to be benecial to human being whereas only a minority is being recognized as harmful. The pathogenicity of bacteria is due, in part, to their rapid adaptation in the presence of selective pressures exerted by the human host. In addition, through their genomes, bacteria are subject to mutations, various rearrangements or horizontal gene transfer among and/or within bacterial species. Bacterias essential metabolic functions are generally encoding by the core genes. Apart of the core genes, there are several number of mobile genetic elements (MGE) acquired by horizontal gene transfer that might be benecial under certain environmental conditions. These MGE namely bacteriophages, transposons, plasmids, and pathogenicity islands represent about 15 % Staphylococcus aureus genomes. The acquisition of most of the MGE is made by horizontal genomic islands (GEI), recognized as discrete DNA segments between closely related strains, transfer. The GEI contributes to the wide spread of microorganisms with an important effect on their genome plasticity and evolution. The GEI are also involve in the antibiotics resistance and virulence genes dissemination. In this review, we summarize the mobile genetic elements of S. aureus.
Keywords S. aureus DNA Mobile genetic elements
Horizontal transfer Toxins Antibiotics resistance
Introduction
Bacteria play numerous roles that can be described as the useful, and the harmful. Even if bacteria are targeted in the unexpected arrival of disease, most of them are known to play good roles. In the group of bacteria, we can evoke the symbiotic relationship necessary for proper digestion of food observed with humans being and many animals. Taking in account their ability to cause disease, only a few minority of bacteria can be harmful. Among pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is involved worldwide in numerous infections, ranging from minor skin infections to fatal necrotizing pneumonia. S. aureus displays a wide spectrum of pathogenicity because it is observed an increase in the horizontal genes transfer particularly the transmission of mobile genetic elements (MGE) encoding virulence and resistance genes [1].
Mobile...