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The aim of descriptive correlational research is to describe the relationship among variables rather than to infer cause and effect relationships. Descriptive correlational studies are useful for describing now one phenomenon is related to another in situations where the researcher has no control over the independent variables, the variables that are believed to cause or influence the dependent or outcome variable.
In the report by Moon and Backer, the independent variables are self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Since these variables are intrinsic to the study participants, they are not under the control of the investigators and can not...