Vasile MANÓLE
Läcrämioara MANÓLE
Universitatea din Bacäu, FSMSS
Cuvinte cheie: condire fizicä, handbal feminin, teste, evaluare
Rezumat
Modul foarte diferit in care este prezentatä condifia fizicä necesita o mai mare preocupare pentru studiul acesteia, când ne referim la sportul de performanja, deoarece se adreseazä organismului, care în dezvoltarea ontogenetica prezintä únele caracteristici speciale.
în domeniul de handbalului, în general si a handbalului feminin, în special, testarea si evaluarea condirei fizice reprezintä un activitaji defíntorii în aprecierea calitäjii procesului de antrenament.
Introducere
Analizând cu atente definibile si párenle specialistilor privind componentele importante ale condirei fizice în general si raportarea lor la cerinole si exigenjele privind realizarea performanci, am considérât cä deméntele condirei fizice spécifiée jocului de handbal sunt cele prezentate în figura 1 :
Nivelul optim de dezvoltare a condifiei fizice specifice handbalistelor de performanci, vizeazä elaborarea sau depistarea si selectarea a unor teste de evaluare a elementelor componente, modalitä^i de ameliorare prin combinarea tuturor factorilor de care aceasta depinde si înlaturarea problemelor cu care se confruntä organismul feminin în procesul de pregätire.
Material si metode
în lucrarea de faja vä prezentäm propunerea noasträ privind téstele utilizate în scopul evaluarii eficiente a elementelor componente ale condirei fzice.
1. TESTAREA FORTEI
Testarea forjei musculare statice analitice la nivelul membrelor superioare, inferioare si a trunciului, cu ajutorul dinamometrului digital Centor First, cadrului izometric reglabil (Foto 1,2,3), si a cântarului de baie (Foto 4).
Datele exacte obtinute au fost transformate în scoruri si apoi analízate pentru depistarea urmätoarelor aspecte:
- nivelul forÇei maxime a principaleleor grupe musculare solicítate în jocul de handbal;
- nivelul for^ei maxime a musculaturii membrelor superioare, inferioare si a trunchiului;
- dezechilibre musculare dintre agonisti si antagonisti;
- dezechilibre musculare dintre partea dreaptä si partea stanga;
- evolutia nivelului fo4ei maxime ca efect a programelor de dezvoltare aplicate.
2.TESTAREA PUTERII
Pentru evaluarea acestei componente am ales ca probe Desprinderea pe verticalà, cu un pas elan, pentru testarea detentei membrului inferior, utilizarea Monogramei lui Lewis pentru mäsurarea puterii membrului inferior si Aruncarea mingii de handbal la distanza, cu irei posi elan, pentru mäsurarea detentei mebrului superior.
2. 1 .Testarea Detentei membrului inferior
Despridere pe verticalà cu un pas elan necesita imprealabil mäsurarea inanimii subiectului cu un membru superior întins în sus la maxim (de obicei cel îndemânatic, Foto 5), dupä care subiectul se va pozijiona lateral faja de locul de mäsurat, la o distanza care sä-i permita efectuarea elanului de un pas. Subiectul va efectúa despriderea pe varticalä încercând sä atingä cu palma cât mai sus posibil (Foto 6). Diferenja dintre valoarea realizatä în timpul desprinderii si valoarea inanimii mäsurate initial, reprezintä valoarea detentei membrului inferior. Subiectul efectueazä douä mcercäri, iar mäsurarea se face în centimetri.
2.2. Testarea Detentei membrului superior
Proba selecjioatä pentru evaluare este Aruncarea mingii de handbal la distanß cu treipasi elan.
Se va foiosi în mod obligatoriu mingea de handbal regulamentarä. Mingea va fi aruncatä dupä un elan de 3 pasi. Aruncarea se va efectúa dinapoia unei linii trasate pe sol, linie care nu poate fi atinsä, depäsitä sau calcata, înainte ca mingea sä fi päräsit mâna aruncätoarei. Pentru elan poate fi folosit elanul de pas adäugat, încrucisat sau pas sältat. Se vor efectúa douä aruncäri si va fi luatä în considerare cea mai bunä.
2.3. Testarea Indicelui de Putere pentru membrul inferior
Puterea membrului inferior poate fi determinata utilizane! Monograma lui Lewis (CASCUA, S., CHOQUE, J., 2003). Aceastä mmonogramä combina detenta pe verticalä transformata în metri, cu greutatea subiectului ìn kilograme (Figura 2).
Având vaiolile greutäjii corporale si cele ale detentei trenului inferior ale fiecarui subiect ìn parte, cu ajutorul unei rigle se unesc acestea, aflând astfel vaiolile puterii exprimate ìn kg m/s.
3. TEST AREA VITEZEI
Pentru evaluarea acestei componente am selezionai proba 5x30 m
Proba consta din 5 alergäri de vitezä pe distanta de 30 m cu o pauzä de 30 secunde între alergäri. Se aleargä in pantofi de handbal, startul luându-se din picioare de la o distanja de 1 m înapoia liniei se start. Pauza de 30 secunde se va respecta eu rigurozitate, în timpul acesteia sportiva trebuind sä se îndrepte spre linia de start si sä se pregäteascä pentru startul urmätor. Se va alerga în grupe de 2 sportive (Foto 7). Cronometrul se va declansa la atingerea liniei de start si se va opri dupä trecerea liniei de sosire. Se vor înregistra toate cele 5 alergäri si se va lua în considerare cea mai bunä. Toate rezultatele, vor fi exprimate în secunde si zecimi de secunda.
4.TESTAREA REZISTENTEI CARDIO VAS CUL ARE
Testarea acestei componente indica gradui de adaptare a organismului la efort, eficacitatea utilizärii si alternärii sistemelor energetice, nivelul dezvoltärii calitäjii motrice rezistenja si valoarea VO2 max.
4. 1 .Evoluta pulsului în starea de repaus (PR)
Pulsul în starea de repaus se mäsoarä prin palpare bidigitalä (cu policele si degetul arätätor) la nivelul gâtului de o parte si de cealaltä a traheei la nivelul aterelor carotide (puis carotidian), pe o durata de 15 secunde. Rezultatul se ínmuljeste cu 4 (patru), aflându-se astfel numärul de bâtai pe minut. Mäsurarea se va efectúa dupä ce subiectul a adoptât pozijia de repaus, culcat sau asezat, timp de 15 minute. Ideal mäsurarea pusului în starea de repaus se efectueazä dimineaja la 15 minute de la trezire farà ca subiectul sä se ridice din pat. Scäderea pulsului în starea de repaus indica o bunä rezistenjä cardiovasculrä si o bunä adaptare la efort.
4.2.Testul Cooper
Acest test a fost aplicat prima data ìn 1968 de cätre cercetätorul american Kenneth COOPER pe soldati americani din trupele speciale, deoarece efortul maxim. Mai târziu si ìn prezent, cu unele modificali spécifiée, testul se aplica si in activitatea sportivä.Testul consta ìn efectuarea unei alergäri continue timp de 12 minute, avìnd ca obiectiv realizarea unei distante cât mai mari posibilä. Ritmul alergärii este an fucsie de obiectivul stabilii.
Alergarea se efetueazä pe o pista circulara etalonatä (200 sau 400 metri) care va fi marcata din 50 ìn 50 de metri, iar pe durata cursei este anunjat timpul la fiecare 30 de secunde pe primele 4 minute, la flecare minut la urmätoarele 4 minute, iar pe durata ultimelor 4 minute timpul nu va mai fi anunjat (Foto 8).
4.3.Determinarea VO2 Max (Cooper)
Dupä aplicarea Testului Cooper ci dupä înregistrarea rezultatelor putem calcula consumul maxim de oxigen utilizând formula:
V02 Max = (22,351 x distanta parcursä în m) - 11,288
4.4. Testu 30-15 Intermitent Fitness Test
în jocurile sportive, recente studii (cercetäri) privind modelarea efortului în competile a permis o perfeccionare importantä a programärii conjinutului antrenamentului. în acest sens Martin Buchheit a conceput si dezvoltat în martie 2000 un nou test de teren care räspunde si cerinjelor spécifiée jocului de handbal, 30-15 Intermitent Fitness Test (30-15IFT).
Acest test permite estimarea consumului maxim de oxigen (V02 max) si determinarea vitezei maxime aerobe (VMA).
Prezentarea testului
Testul este constituit din perioade de efort de 30 de secunde întrerupte de perioade de refaceré activa de 15 secunde. în perioadele de efort sportivul exécuta o alergare sub forma de naveta (dus-întors), pe o distança de 40 de metri, cu o vitezä indicata de un CD audio care emite bip-uri la anumite intervale de timp stabilite.în timpul perioadei de refaceré activa sportivul se va deplasa în mers spre cea mai apropiatä linie spre care este cu faja, linie care va constituí startul pentru urmätoarea perioadä de efort (Foto 9).0 perioadä de efort si una de refaceré au o durata de 45 de secunde si constituie un palier.Innjial viteza alergärii este de 8 km/h, iar apoi aceasta creste cu 0,5 km/h la flecare palier.Duratele fazelor de efort si de repaus determina în funche de numârul de paliere efectúate, acjiunea proceselor biochimice care controleazä furnizarea energiei necesare susjinerii efortului intermitent.
4.5. Determinarea V02 Max (30-15 IFT)
Estimarea consumului maxim de oxigen se obline aplicând formula urmätoare:
VO2max30-15IFT = 28,3 - 2,15 G - 0,741 A - 0,0357 ? + 0,0586 A ? (VMA3015 IFT + 1,03 VMA30-15 IFT),
Unde G este un coieficient (feminin = 2; masculin = 1), A este vârsta, iar ? este greutatea sportivului.
5 . TESTAREA ECHILIBRULUI STATIC
Pentru evaluare am ales testul Flamingo.
5. 1 .Testul Flamingo
Materiale utilizate:
- Un suport din metal cu lungimea de 50 cm, înanjimea de 5 cm si läjimea de 3 cm;
- Un cronometru.
Sportiva va aseza un picior (la alegere), pe suport, apoi prin flexia gambei libere va prinde cu mana de aceeasi parte glezna. Celälalt membru superior este întins si orientât oblic sus (Foto 10).
Examinatorul ajutä la fixarea acestei poziii (Foto 10) dupä care va läsa sportiva liber farà sprijin si va pomi cronometrul (Foto 1 1).
Cronometrul va fi oprit atunci când sportiva va atinge solul cu oricare parte a corpului. Subiectul va încerca de 2 (doua) ori.
6.COMPOZITIE CORPORALÄ
6.1. Indicele masei corporale (I.M.C.)
Studii recente considera (I.M.C.) o formula pertinentä si importantä pentru determinarea Proportionalität corpului la sportivi. El se calculeazä raportând greutatea în kilograme la înaljimea subiectului în metri pätraji, dupä formula prezentatä în figura 3 :
Rezultatele se analizeazä atât pentru sportivi cât si pentru sportive, dupä urmätoarele criteriile prezentate în tabelul 1
6.2. Procenrul de Tesut Adipos
Arunci când greutatea sportivelor creste este bine sä depistäm care este cauza, adicä sä verificäm dacä aceastä crestere în greutate este cauzatä de hipertrofia muscularä sau de evoluta stratului de fesut adipos. Aceastä verificare se poate efectúa prin Monograma lui Wilmore a rezultat din numeroase cercetäri efectúate în domeniul sportului de omul de stiinjä american, J. H. Wilmore.
Aceastä monograma este usor de utilizai dupä ce am mäsurat imprealabil lnäljimea sportivelor în centimetri si perimetrul bazinului în centimetri. Perimetrul bazinului se mäsoarä cu banda metrica la nivelul cel mai proieminent al feselor, aproximativ în dreptul marelui trohanter (Foto 12).
Dupä efectuarea mäsurätorilor, cu ajutorul unei rigle se únese (pe monograma) vaiolile perimetrului bazinului cu cele ale taliei pentru fiecare sportiva în parte, aflându-se astfel procenrul de Jesut adipos (figura 4). Vaiolile normale pentru handbaliste se sirueazä în jurul valorii de 22% (dupä CASCUA, S. si CHOQUE, J., 2003).
Dupä ce am aflat procenrul de gräsime, putem aña cantitatea de gräsime utilizând fonnula: g = Gx% gräsime
7.TESTAREA MOBILITÄTII §1 SUPLETII
Suplejea este capacitatea de a exécuta cu ujurinjä miscäri cu diferite amplitudini în limitele mecanice permise de jocul articular specific diferitelor regiuni anatomice.
Având în vedere aceste componente am selectat pentru evaluare urmätoarele teste:
7.1. Testarea mobilitaci si supletii globale a membrelor inferioare si a trunchiului. Pentru aceastä testare am selectat proba degete - sol care scoate ìn evidenza pe lânga mobilitatea globalä si suplejea musculaturii posterioare a e?f????.(???? 13).
7.2. Testarea mobilitagli si supletii globale a membrelor superioare Pentru aceastä testare am selectat proba degete - degete care scoate ìn evidenza pe lânga mobilitatea globalä si suplefea musculaturii umerilor si a membrelor superioare (Foto 14).
7.3. Testarea mobilitaci si supletii laterale a trunchiului
Prin aceastä testare se evidenjieazä mobilitatea ìn plan frontal a coloanei vertebrale, suplejea musculaturii laterale a trunciului (Foto 15).
8.TESTAREA COORDONÄRII SPECIFICE
8.1 . Pasare si dribling cu douä mingi, cu partener
Partenerii se vor pozijiona fata ìn faja la o distanza de 3 (trei) metri. Sportiva evaluatä va efectúa cu o mâna dribling mediu, iar cu cealaltä va pasa cu partenerul. Driblingul si pasarea vor fi insolite de alegare usoarä pe loe (Foto 16). Examinatorul va efectúa durata exercifiului. Cronometrul se porneste la ìnceperea execujiei si se opreste atunci când una ditre sarcinile stabilite nu se mai efectueazä. Dupä douä incercäri cronometrate si ìnregistrate se schimbä acjiunea mâinilor, cea care a driblat va pasa si invers.
Concluzii
In concluzie téstele selectate pentru evaluarea elementelor condirei fizice trebuie sä fie simple, aplicarea lor sä nu necesite timp îndelungat si costuri materiale importante, iar din punct de vedere al eficienfeie sä permita înregistrarea unor date obiective si exacte.
De asemenea pentru prelucrarea si intefretarea datelor am utilizai programul Fitstats, program care propune un ansamblu de funeri specializate într-o interfasi intuitiva usor de utilizai, care permite dupä inserarea datelor, trasformarea lor în scoruri normative (Note Z). Aceste scoruri faciliteazä utilizarea programului SPSS pentru intefretarea rapida si eficientä a rezultatelor.
Encienda analizei permite dirijarea stiinfificä a procesului de antrenament, o seleccionare riguroasä a mijloacelor de pregätire, si o dozare otptimä a acestora, în raport cu cerinole impuse de realizarea performanci.
Bibliografìe
1. Alisen, P., E, Harrison J., M., Vance, ?., (1997). Fitness for Life: An Individualized Approach. 6th edition, Brown and Benchmark Publishers, Madison, - 284;
2. Bompa, T., O., (2003). Performanfa în jocurile sportive - Teoria si metodologia antrenamentului, Ed. ExPonto, Bucuresti, - 22 1 ;
3. Bouchard, C, Shepard, R., J., (1994). Physical activity and helth, Human Kinetics Publishers, Champaign II, 376-463;
4. Buchheit, M., (2005), La préparation physique en Handball, Tome I et II DVD;
5. Cascua, S., Choque, J., (2003). Testez et améliorez votre condition physique, Ed.Amfora, Paris, - 194;
6. Colibaba-Evulet, D., Bota, I., (1998). Jocuri sportive, Ed. Aldin, Bucuresti, - 327;
7. Dragnea, ?., (1994), Mäsurarea si evaluarea în educafie fizicä si sport, Ed. Sport - Turism, Bucuresti, - 189 pag.;
8. Pias, F., Hagron, E., (2001). Kinetoterapie activa, Ed. Polirom, Iasi, 267-378;
9. http ://www.martin-buchheit.net.
10. http ://www.handball-feminin.be/hand.php
TESTS THAT EVALUATE THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF PROFFESSIONAL WOMEN HANDBALL PLAYERS
Vasile MANÓLE
Läcrämioara MANÓLE
University of Bacäu,
Keywords: physical condition, women's handball, tests, evaluation
Abstract
The very different manner in which the physical condition is presented means that we need to have a greater interest in its study when we think about sports performance, because it addresses the organism, which in turn has some special characteristics in ontogenetic development.
In the handball field in general and in women's handball especially, testing and evaluating the physical condition is of utmost importance in appreciating the quality of training.
Introduction
The careful analysis of definitions and specialists opinions about important components of the physical condition in general and reporting them to the requirements of high performance, we have considered that the elements of the physical condition specific to the handball game are those presented in figure one.
The optimum level of development of physical condition specific to women's handball has in view elaborating, finding and selecting some tests for evaluating the composing elements. These can consist in ways of improvement by combining every factor that it depends on and eliminating the problems that the woman body faces in the training process.
Material and methods
In the present paper we offer our proposal regarding the tests used with the goal of efficient evaluating the components of physical condition.
1. EVALUATION OF STRENGTH
The evaluation of muscle static analytical strength of the arms, legs and torso, with the help of the digital dynamometer Centro First, the isometric adjustable device (Photo 1, 2, 3) and the bathroom scale. (Photo 4)
The exact data obtained were transformed in scores and then analyzed for the following aspects:
- the maximum strength level in every main muscle group that we use in the handball game;
- the maximum strength level in the muscles of the arms, legs and torso;
- muscle discrepancies between agonists and antagonists;
- muscles discrepancies between left and right side;
- the evolution of maximum strength level as a consequence of applied development programs
2.EVALUATION OF POWER
For this component we chose to use the Vertical jump, with one pace in order to test the maximum capacity in the legs. We used the Lewis Monogram to measure the power capabilities of the legs and the Throwing of the handball to a distance, with three paces run for measuring the power capabilities of the arm.
2.1. Testing the Power in the lower limb
The vertical jump with one step needs to be preceded by the measuring of the height of the subject with the arm stretched upwards (usually the dominant one, Photo 5), after which the subject will position herself laterally towards the measuring spot, at a distance that allows the one pace run-up. The subject will do the vertical jump and try to reach as high as she can (Photo 6). The difference between the reading after the jump and that which was done initially represents the value of explosive power in the lower limb.
2. 2. Testing the Power of the upper limb
For this test we will only use a regular handball. The ball will be thrown after a three pace run-up and before a line drawn on the floor which cannot be stepped on or surpassed before the ball had left the thrower's hand. For the run-up we allow added paces, crossed paces or lifted paces. The subject will perform two throws and the better of the two will be taken into consideration.
2. 3. Testing the index of Power for the lower limb
The power in the lower limb may be determined using the Lewis Monogram (CASCUA, S., CHOQUE, J., 2003). This monogram combines the upward explosive power into meters, with the weight of the subject in kilos. (Figure 2)
Once we have the value of the weight and that of the explosive power in the lower part of the body of each subject, they are linked with the help of a ruler thus discovering the power value in kg m/s.
3. TESTING THE SPEED
To test this component we have chosen the 5x30 m.
The test consists in 5 speed runs on 30 m distance with a 30 seconds pause between each run. For the exercise we use only indoor shoes, the start is at 1 m behind the start line. The 30 seconds break is very important and will be taken accordingly. During this time, the sportswoman will head to the next start line. The subjects will run in groups of two.
The stopwatch will be activated at the touch of the start line and stopped at the finish line.
Each one of the 5 runs will be clocked, but the best will be taken into consideration. Every result shall be read in seconds and decimals.
4.TEST1NG THE CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE
To test this component means to find out the degree of adaptability of the organism during effort, the efficiency of using and alternating energetic systems, the development level of motric qualities and the resistance and quantum of V02 max.
4. 1 .Pulse evolution in recovery status (PR)
The pulse in the recovery state is quantified by a two digit palpation (thumb and first finger) at neck level one side and the other of the trachea on the carotid arteries (carotid pulse) for 15 seconds. The result is multiplied by four, thus revealing the number of heart beats per second. The measuring must take place after the subject has stayed in a rest position, horizontally or sitting for 15 minutes.
Ideally the pulse is measured in the morning, 15 minutes upon awakening without getting out of the bed. The pulse drop in recovery status indicates a good cardiovascular endurance and a good adaptability to effort.
4.2.The Cooper test
This test was first applied in 1968 by the American researcher Kenneth Cooper on American soldiers from special operation troops. Later on until this day, the test is done in the sports activity.
The test consists in a 12 minute run, with the aim to get as far as possible. The rhythm is set by the pre established aim.
The run takes place on an athletic runway (200 or 400 meters long) which is marked every 50 m, and throughout the course the time will be announced every 30 seconds during the first 4 min, every other minute during the next 4 min, and for the last 4 min the time wont be announced any more (Photo 8).
4.3. Determining the V02 Max (Cooper)
After applying the test and after recording the results we can calculate the maximum usage level of 02 using this formula:
VO^sub 2^ Max = (22,351 x distance in meters) - 11,288
4.4.The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test
Recent studies regarding effort molding during competitions in competitive sports has allowed an improvement to the training program. In this sence Martin Buchheit has conceived and developed a new field test in the year 2000 wich responds to the specific requirements of the handball game, and it's called 30-15 Intermitent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT).
This test allowes us to estimate the maximum 02 usage (V02 max) and to determine the maximum aerobe speed (VMA).
Test presentation
The test has effort periods of 30 seconds intertwined by active recovery periods of 15 secods. During the effort periods the subject executes a to and fro run on a 40 meters distance, the speed being set by an audio CD wich emits beeps at pre set time intervals. During the active recovery period the woman athlete will walk to the nearest line that she is facing, and that will be the starting line for the next effort period (Photo 9). An effort period and an active recovery period last for 45 seconds and complete a stage. The effort phases and recovery phases total time determine in accordance with the number of stages completed the biochemical processes which controle the energy supply needed to sustaine the intermittent effort.
4.5.Determining the V02 Max (30-15 IFT)
The maximum O2 usage estimation is obtained aplying the following formula:
VO^sub 2^max 30-15IFT = 28,3 - 2,15 G - 0,741 A - 0,0357 P + 0,0586 A x (VMA3015 IFT + 1,03 VMA30-15 IFT),
Where G is a coefficient (feminine = 2; masculine = 1), A is the age, ? is the subject's age.
5. TESTING THE STATIC BALANCE
To do this we chose the Flamingo test.
5.1. The Flamingo Test
Used materials:
- A 50 cm long, 5 cm high, 3 cm wide metal support; a stopwatch.
The subject will place one foot (of her choice), on the support, then by flexing the free leg she will hold it in this position by grasping the ankle with the same hand. The other arm is stretched upwards (Photo 10).
The examiner helps fix this position (Photo 10) after which he will let her free and will start the timer (Photo 11).
The stopwatch will be stopped when the subject touches the ground with any part of her body. She has two tries for this test.
6. BODY STRUCTURE
6.1. The body mass index (BMI)
Recent studies show that BMI is an important formula for determining the body proportions at sportsmen and women. This index is calculated reporting the weight in kilograms at the height of the subject in squared meters, using the formula discovered in figure 3:
The results are analyzed for both sportsmen and women, after the following criteria shown in table 1.
6.2 The adipose tissue percentage
When the women athletes gain weight it is good to depict the cause, meaning to verify if this mass gain is either due to muscle growth or to the adipose layer evolution. This check can be done through Wilmore's Monogram which resulted from numerous researches done in the field of sports activity by the American researcher, J. H. Wilmore.
This monogram is easy to use after first measuring the subject's height and waste in centimeters. The waste perimeter is measured with the metric band at the most prominent point of the buttocks approximately at the level of the great trochanter.
After these measurements, the perimeter values are linked on the monogram with the help of the ruler for each subject in part, thus revealing the percentage of the adipose tissue (figure 4). Normal values for women handball players are in the vicinity of 22 % (after CASCUA, S. and CHOQUE, J., 2003).
After we have found out the fat percentage, we can find out the quantity using the following formula:
g = G x % fat
7. TESTING THE MOBILITY AND EXTENDIBILITY
The extendibility is the property to execute with different amplitudes moves within the mechanic joint limits allowed by the joint movement specific to different anatomical regions.
To evaluate this component we have selected the following tests:
7.1. Testing the mobility and the global extendibility of the legs and torso.
To show this we used the fingers - floor test which reveals among other things the global mobility and the muscle extendibility of the upper part of the body (Photo 13).
7.2. Testing the mobility and the global extendibility in the upper limbs.
For this we use the fingers - fingers test which highlights the extendibility of the shoulders and arms (Photo 14).
7.3. Testing the lateral mobility of the torso.
By doing this we show the frontal mobility of the vertebral column and the extendibility of the lateral muscles of the trunk (Photo 15).
8.TESTING THE SPECIFIC COORDINATION
8.1.Passing and dribbling with two handballs in pairs.
The partners will face each other at a distance of three meters. The subject will do a medium height dribble and with the other hand will pass his partner. The dribbling and passing will be associated with running on the spot (Photo 16). The examiner will time the length of the exercise. The stopwatch starts when the exercise begins and stops when one of the tasks fails to be accomplished. After two timed tries they change the action of the arms, the one which she used to dribble with will now use to pass and the other way around.
Conclusions
To conclude the selected tests used to evaluate the elements of the physical condition must be simple, applying them as time effective as possible and cost efficient, and from the point of view of efficiency they must allow the registration of objective and exact data.
In order to process and interpret the data we used Fitstats, a program which proposes an array of specialized functions with an easy to use interface, that allows the conversion of data into normative scores (Z Notes).
These scores make the use of the SPSS program much easier and efficient for interpreting the results.
The analysis efficiency allows the training process to be lead scientifically, a much rigorous selection of training methods, optimum dosage keeping in mind the requirements of high performance sports.
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Copyright "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau 2008
Abstract
The very different manner in which the physical condition is presented means that we need to have a greater interest in its study when we think about sports performance, because it addresses the organism, which in turn has some special characteristics in ontogenetic development. In the handball field in general and in women's handball especially, testing and evaluating the physical condition is of utmost importance in appreciating the quality of training. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
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