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Od ukupno proizvedenih antibiotika na svjetskoj razini, gotovo 50% ih seprimjenjuje uprevenciji i lijecenju domacih zivotinja namijenjenih ljudskoj prehrani, a medu njima znacajno mjesto zauzimaju tetraciklinski antibiotici. Zbog sirokog spektra djelovanja prema Gram-pozitivnim i Gram-negativnim bakterijama, rikecijama i virusima, relativno niske toksicnosti, dobre podnosljivosti i mogucnosti primjene u razlicitim farmaceutskim oblicima, tetraciklinski antibiotici su nasli siroku primjenu i u humanoj i u veterinarskoj medicini. Proizvodi su sekundarnog metabolizma bakterijskih vrsta iz roda Streptomyces, a u upotrebi se nalaze i polusintetski tetraciklini. Odredivanje rezidua antibiotika, pa tako i tetraciklina, u uzorcima zivotinjskog podrijetla, póstalo je nuznim u svrhu zastite krajnjih potrosaca i sprjecavanja sirenja antibioticke rezistencije. Kontrola ostataka antibiotika i najvece dopustene kolicine (NDK) antibiotika u pojedinim organima, mlijeku i tkivima zivotinjskog podrijetla regulirana je na razini Europske mije. Usvrhu kontrole ostataka tetraciklinskih antibiotika u hrani koriste se orijentacijske metode, kao sto su npr. razliciti mikrobioloski testovi i ELISA metoda. Uslucaju pozitivnih rezultata na tetraciklinske antibiotike, iznadpropisanih NDK vrijednosti, primijenjuje se potvrdna metoda, najcesce tekucinska kromatografija s tandemskom spektrometrijom masa (LC-MS/MS).
Kljucne rijeci: antibiotici, tetraciklini, antibioticka rezistencija, hrana zivotinjskog podrijetla, kontrola hrane
Summary
At the global level, almost 50% of the produced antibiotics are used in the prevention and therapies of domestic animals intended for human consumption, and among them, tetracyclines are significant. Due to the broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, rickettsia and viruses, relatively low toxicity, good tolerability and applications in various pharmaceutical forms, tetracycline antibiotics are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Tetracyclines are products of secondary metabolism of bacteria of the genus Streptomyces, and are in use also as semisynthetic tetracyclines. Determination of antibiotic residues, including tetracyclines, in samples of animal origin, has become necessary in order to protect consumers and prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Control of antibiotic residues and maximum residue limits (MRLs) of antibiotics in certain organs, milk and tissues of animal origin are regulated at EU level. In order to control tetracycline residues in food screening methods are used, such as various microbiological tests and ELISA methods. In case of positive results to tetracycline residues, above the prescribed maximum levels, confirmatory methods is applied, usually liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Key words: antibiotics, tetracyclines, antibiotic resistance, food of...