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International Journal of Obesity (2010) 34, 659669
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REVIEW
Thermogenic ingredients and body weight regulation
R Hursel and MS Westerterp-Plantenga
Department of Human Biology, Nutrim, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
The global prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in the last decade. Tools for obesity management, including consumption of caffeine, capsaicin and different teas such as green, white and oolong tea, have been proposed as strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance, as they may increase energy expenditure (45%), fat oxidation (1016%) and have been proposed to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that is present during weight loss. Daily increases in thermogenesis of approximately 300400 kJ can eventually lead to substantial weight loss. However, it becomes clearer that certain conditions have to be met before thermogenic ingredients yield an effect, as intra-variability with respect to body weight regulation has been shown between subjects. Furthermore, the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may have an important role in the regulation of total body fat in general. Taken together, these functional ingredients have the potential to produce significant effects on metabolic targets such as satiety, thermogenesis and fat oxidation. A significant clinical outcome may sometimes appear straightforward and may also depend very strongly on full compliance of subjects. Nevertheless, thermogenic ingredients may be considered as functional agents that could help in preventing a positive energy balance and obesity.
International Journal of Obesity (2010) 34, 659669; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.299
Web End =10.1038/ijo.2009.299 ; published online 9 February 2010
Keywords: body weight; thermogenic; fat oxidation; energy expenditure; energy intake
Introduction
Overweight and obesity represent a rapidly growing threat to the health of populations in an increasing number of countries.1 The ultimate cause of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE).2 A
negative energy balance is needed to produce weight loss and can be achieved by either decreasing intake or increasing expenditure.3,4 Among others, stimulation of EE (or the prevention of its decline during dieting) by the use of natural herbal ingredients such as teas, caffeine and capsaicin has attracted interest, especially because these ingredients...