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1 Introduction
Leadership has been an interesting field of research for annalists and philosophers for long time ([16] Daft, 2005). The scientific studies in leadership began in the twentieth century. Up to now more than 400 explanations for leadership have been proposed by researchers. In this, [10] Burns (1978) has concluded that leadership "is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth". Clarifying leadership and its phenomena has been a difficult task largely because the nature of leadership itself is complicated. Accordingly, we can find different definitions of leader and leadership in various researchers' point of views. For instance, [14] Cole (1996) defines leadership as a dynamic process in which one individual influences others to contribute to achievement of the group task. [53] Murphy (1996) defines leaders as people "to whom others turn when missions need to be upheld, breakthroughs made and performance goals reached on time and within budget". Murphy suggests that leaders "transcend the problems of the moment to reveal the possibilities of human nature through intelligence and perseverance". [30] Hickman (1992) adds that competitive advantage stems from the way in which the organization is conducted and led by these people. [16] Daft (2005) considers leadership as both art and science. He concluded that it is an art because many leadership skills, abilities and qualities cannot be obtained from books. Leadership needs practice and "hands-on experience", as well as strong personal investigation and development. However, he also considered leadership as a science because a body of knowledge describes the leadership process and the path in which leadership abilities achieve organizational objectives. Leadership is also considered as an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes ([43] Rost and Barker, 2000). Besides, leadership is defined as relevant to all sectors of activity, whether corporate, entrepreneurial or institutional ([39] Northouse, 2007). Therefore, it can be applied equally and without difficulty to all human activity's sectors. However, it is not conceptually possible to describe any one "best" or "right" style of leadership. For instance, [24] Handy (1985) notes that leadership will only be effective where the requirements of the leader, the task and the staff fit together appropriately and congruently within the prevailing...