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Logistics managers have seen an array of transportation security regulations and voluntary security initiatives evolve over the past seven years. Most parties in the supply chain realize a terrorist attack at a U.S. seaport would have a ripple effect that would impact the economy on a global scale. Out of this concern to protect commerce, citizens, and property came a host of maritime security requirements.
One area of regulation that has received attention from many parties is the Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) as an access control at U.S. ports. In order to fully understand why the current U.S. rules exist as they do, one must review the sequence of events leading up to them.
U.S. Reaction to 9/11
The first catalyst was undoubtedly the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) of 2002 (PL. 107-295), signed into law on November 25, 2002. This act encompassed a variety of security topics, including port security plans and port worker identification credentials as a means of access control. MTSA stated in its findings, "Securing entry points and other areas of port facilities and examining or inspecting containers would increase security at United States ports. Biometrie identification procedures for individuals having access to secure areas in port facilities are important tools to deter and prevent port cargo crimes, smuggling, and terrorist actions."1
Additionally, MTSA amended Title 46 of the United States Code (USC) by adding Chapter 701 - Port Security to Subtitle VI- Miscellaneous.2 Section 70103 of this chapter specifically relates to port security plans, while Section 70105 relates to the transportation security card that ultimately came to be known as TWIC.
U.N. Response To Maritime Security
As the United States diligently worked to secure its borders, the effects of September 11th were also being felt on an international level. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) was developing its own set of maritime security standards. The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations established to improve safety and security of international shipping.3 It currently has 167 member states - including the United States - and meets once every two years. IMO adopts measures, and the members are responsible for incorporating these measures into national law and enforcing them just like any other legislation.
MO's 22nd Assembly passed Resolution...