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1. Introduction
Radio frequency identification (RFID) has been pervasively implemented in various applications, such as in supply chain, logistic, library, and healthcare management. The RFID system offers contactless identification, automatic retrieval of data, and wireless data storage. Data reading using RFID enhances performance and productivity by increasing the accuracy and speed of information communication. Hence, this technology provides a significant improvement in identification, tracking, monitoring, and object stocking compared with the barcode technology (Ngai et al. , 2008). The tags, readers, and back-end servers are the three basic components in a basic RFID system. The tag stores information of a certain item in a microchip, and the stored data can be read remotely using the reader. The tag and the reader must work at the same specified frequency and conform to the same protocol to guarantee the compatibility of the communication system (Ngai et al. , 2007). The backend server uses middleware to filter and store all information for each specific application.
Migration from the barcode to the RFID system promises a more reliable, effective, real-time, and scalable library data management system. The RFID technology provides a solution in managing, collecting, and distributing books effectively (Lau et al. , 2008). Moreover, the RFID technology can bring significant savings in terms of staff costs, enhance services, prevent book theft, provide a constant update of the library collections, and achieve real-time services. The RFID technology outperforms the barcode system because line-of-sight is not a requirement in the RFID system. Currently, almost all libraries are equipped with high frequency (HF) RFID tags and readers operating internationally at a frequency of 13.56 MHz (Bansode and Desale, 2009). The advantage of the 13.56 MHz operating system is that the frequency is available in most countries. This frequency has been reserved for industrial, scientific and medical applications. However, the UHF RFID system surpasses the efficiency by increasing the reading range and providing multi-reading capacity compared with the HF RFID system in the library automation system (Molyneux, 2011). The UHF RFID is used in the libraries automation system because it has a lower cost and higher performance than the HF RFID technology. But, UHF RFID technology is having detection difficulties in proximity to liquids, metals, and human body. However, the result...