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Biol Trace Elem Res (2011) 142:787795
DOI 10.1007/s12011-010-8777-z
Jie Yang & Yanguo Teng & Jinsheng Wang & Jian Li
Received: 10 June 2010 /Accepted: 11 July 2010 /
Published online: 23 July 2010# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
Abstract In order to characterize uptake of vanadium in alfalfa grown in vanadium cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil, 104 soil samples and 94 plant samples were collected from pot experiment. The results showed alfalfa had strong metal adaptability (up to 400 mgkg1) and high accumulation (up to 3,440.14 mgkg1) of vanadium. Root had higher contents and better absorption to vanadium than overground part. Moreover, both root and overground part had direct correlation with vanadium in soil, especially with the sum of first three fractions and reducible fraction. With the increasing of vanadium, higher concentration of Cd may inhibit the absorption of vanadium in alfalfa.
Keywords Vanadium . Sequential extraction . Alfalfa . Bioavailability . Pot experiment . Soil pollution
Vanadium is an abundant element in the earth crust and is mainly mined in South Africa, China, Russia, and the USA [1]. The average content of vanadium in the soil in the world has been established at 90 mgkg1 [2]; some residual soils derived from rocks enriched in vanadium contain elevated amounts of this metal, from about 70 to 100 mgkg1 [3]. As one
typical transition element, vanadium has been widely applied in the steel industry as an alloying element. Vanadium could enter into the environment through weathering of parental rocks, combustion of fossil fuels, atmospheric dry and wet deposition, mining, and so on [4]. There is evidence for significant increases in the release of vanadium into the biosphere over the last few decades [5]. Cadmium is another toxic transition metal of continuing occupational and environmental concern [6, 7]. Both vanadium and cadmium were environmental contaminations. Moreover, cadmium has been designated a human carcinogen by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on
J. Yang : Y. Teng (*) : J. Li
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China e-mail: [email protected]
Y. Teng : J. Wang
Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
Vanadium Uptake by Alfalfa Grownin VCd-Contaminated Soil by Pot Experiment
788 Yang et al.
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