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Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the cross-sectional shape and size variation of the yarn in fabric depending on the structural parameters of fabric. For this reason, the dimensions of the yarns that are in the different regions of the weave unit have been determined by achieving the cross-sectional images of the fabrics, which were woven with different weave types and at different weft settings. The variation in the cross-section of the yarn has been evaluated by using the flattening ratio. Consequently, it has been observed that the structural factors which determine the geometry of the fabric, such as weave type and setting, affect the cross-sectional properties of the yarn along the yarn path.
Keywords
Weave type, setting, yarn cross-section, flattening ratio
One of the most important parameters that affects the structural and performance properties of fabric is the yarn structure. Yarn properties, such as linear density (yarn count), cross-sectional shape, packing density and hairiness of the yarn, determine the mechanics, permeability, conductivity, sensory and appearance properties of the fabric by forming the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the fabric with other structural factors. It is very important to define the cross-sectional shape and size of the yarn in the fabric in order to model the 3D fabric's geometry theoretically and to predict the performance properties of the fabric depending on the structural parameters.
While the geometry of the fabric has been modeling in two dimensions and three dimensions, different yarn models having homogenous cross-sectional shapes (circular, elliptical, racetrack, lenticular, etc.) along the yarn path have been used.1-8 In all these models, the yarn in the fabric was assumed to be a homogeneous structure that had a certain size and shape. The variation of the yarn along the yarn path was neglected. However, the cross-sectional properties of the yarn, which followed a certain path in the fabric, showed changes as a result of the interaction of the production parameters and structural parameters of fabric with each other, such as weave type, settings and the yarn thickness. Therefore, the distortion of yarn is important and must be defined by empirical methods, as mentioned by Peirce.1
The projection diameters of the yarns were measured on the scanned fabric's images by Milasius and Milasius9 and...