VARIOUS PATHYA KALPANA OF BILVA [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.] - A REVIEW

Abstract

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) is a very well-known and extensively used medicinal plant since ancient times. It is also very important plant for Hindus as it is used in rituals and considered as an auspicious tree. It is one of the ingredients of the groups, Bruhat panchamoola and Dashamoola, which are indicated in various diseased conditions. In different conditions various parts of Bilva are being used medicinally i.e Patra, (leaves) Moola (root) and Apakva phala (unripe fruit) & pakva phala (ripe fruit). In the present study, 32 Ayurvedic texts were referred to collect references of Bilva being used in the form of Pathyakalpana. From these compendia 142 Kalpanas were found, maximum number of Kalpanas found were in Ashtanga samgraha (35), followed by Ashtangahrudya (33), Vangasena (31), Charaka samhita (27) etc. Dosage forms mostly used were Yavagu (rice gruel) (31), followed by Peya (thin gruel) (29), Ksheerapaka (medicated milk) (28), Yusha (Soup from pulses) (25), etc. Kalpanas of Bilva were found to be indicated in different 36 diseased conditions. Maximum prescriptions were in Atisara (38), Jwara (15), Striroga (10) etc. Apakvaphala of Bilva which is also known as Shalatu is prescribed maximum number of times i.e. 67. This review study concluded that Bilva is a very useful drug and with other dosage forms it is also useful in the form of Krutannakalpanas.

Headnote

ABSTRACT

Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr.) is a very well-known and extensively used medicinal plant since ancient times. It is also very important plant for Hindus as it is used in rituals and considered as an auspicious tree. It is one of the ingredients of the groups, Bruhat panchamoola and Dashamoola, which are indicated in various diseased conditions. In different conditions various parts of Bilva are being used medicinally i.e Patra, (leaves) Moola (root) and Apakva phala (unripe fruit) & pakva phala (ripe fruit). In the present study, 32 Ayurvedic texts were referred to collect references of Bilva being used in the form of Pathyakalpana. From these compendia 142 Kalpanas were found, maximum number of Kalpanas found were in Ashtanga samgraha (35), followed by Ashtangahrudya (33), Vangasena (31), Charaka samhita (27) etc. Dosage forms mostly used were Yavagu (rice gruel) (31), followed by Peya (thin gruel) (29), Ksheerapaka (medicated milk) (28), Yusha (Soup from pulses) (25), etc. Kalpanas of Bilva were found to be indicated in different 36 diseased conditions. Maximum prescriptions were in Atisara (38), Jwara (15), Striroga (10) etc. Apakvaphala of Bilva which is also known as Shalatu is prescribed maximum number of times i.e. 67. This review study concluded that Bilva is a very useful drug and with other dosage forms it is also useful in the form of Krutannakalpanas.

KEY WORDS: Apakvaphalamajja, Bruhatpanchamoola, Bilva, Aegle marmelos, Dashamoola, Krutanna

INTRODUCTION:

Among the three Upastambhas (supporting factors) of life, Aahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (celibacy); Aahara (diet) is an essential factor for maintenance of healthy life (Acharya YT, 2011). Being supported by these three well regulated factors of life, the body is endowed with strength, complexion, growth and continues up till the full span of life. In Kashyapasamhita, Aahara is described as "Mahabhaisajya" (supreme medicine) (Vatsya and Sharma H, 2006). Showing the importance of Pathya (wholesome diet), Acharya Lolimbaraja says that, if wholesome diet is given in a planned way, there is no need for separate medical treatment and if unwholesome diet is being permitted, there is no benefit of any medication (Sharma PV, 2013). In Samhita, Aushadha is advised with Aahara when patient is Sukumara or with Alpa bala and some time when Rogi bala is reduced due to some chronic disorders. In Samshodhana also Dravyas like Snehopaga, Virechanopaga etc. are found to be administered in the form of various Aahara kalpanas (Sharma P V, 2013).

Bilva is found to be used in Aahara kalpana since Vedik kala. Taking Bilva fruit alone as diet is known Shreephalakruchha and taking only Bilvapatra (leaves of Bilva) as diet is known Parnakruchha in Veda (Sharma P V, 2007). Various Aahara kalpana (dietary preparation) including Bilva are stated in various Samhita and following Chikitsa granthas. Bilva is known for its medicinal uses as well as its use in holy rituals. Bilva is one of the contents of two important groups named Bruhatpanchamoola and Dashamoola which are widely used in Samhitas and later compendia. Bilva root a part of Dashamoola prescribed in many conditions like Shwasa (Asthma), Kasa (cough), Shotha (Oedema), Jwara (fever), Vatavyadhi (disorders due to vitiated vata dosha) etc. while unripe fruit is mostly preferred in gastrointestinal diseases like Atisara (Diarrhoea), Grahani (malabsorption syndrome), Pravahika (dysentry) etc. In this review Pathya Aahara kalpanas were critically analysed.

MATERIALS & METHODS:

A chronological review of all available Ayurvedic classics (32) have been carried out and all relevant information regarding Bilva was gathered for the study.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

A total of 142 Kalpanas containing Bilvamoola, Patra and Apakvaphala are found from 32 different Chikitsagranthas (Table 2).

Maximum references of Bilva are found from Ashtangasamgraha (35), followed by 33 in Ashtangahrudya, 31 in Vangasena, 27 in Charakasamhita etc. which reflect that Bilva is extensively used in Samhitakala except Vangasena.Very less references regarding Krutannakalpana of Bilva are found in the texts of medieval period and recent era (Table 3).

Bilva is found indicated in many diseased conditions, and maximum (40) references were found in Atisara followed by Jwara (15), Striroga (10), Hikka-shwasa (9), Shotha (8), Grahani (7), Vatavyadhi (7) etc. (Table 4)

In different compendia, various Pathyakalpanas containing Bilva are found like Yavagu (rice gruel), Yusha (Soup prepared from pulses), Khada (Soup prepared from curd), Peya (Thin gruel) etc., in which Yavagu form is described many a times i.e. (31), followed by Peya (29), Ksheerapaka (28), Yusha (25), etc. (Table 5).

Maximum formulations found here are of Moola (with Bruhatpanchamoola and Dashamoola) which is 76 followed by Apakvaphala (67) and 2 references of Bilvapatra are also found (Table 6).

Bilvamoola possess Madhura (sweet), Kashaya (astringent), Tikta (bitter) rasa (in taste), Laghu -Ushna guna, Tridoshaghna, Mutrala, Shoola-Shothahara actions and is mainly indicated in conditions like, Chhardi, Hikka, Shwasa, Kasa, Kshaya (Arya Mahendrapalsingh, 1990). Kalpanas in which it is mainly prescribed are Peya, Yusha, Yavagu etc. which potentiate the action of drugs with the help of their virtue. Apakvaphala is Kashaya, Tikta, Katu (pungent) rasa, Snigdha, Tikshna, Laghu guna,Ushna virya,Vatakaphaghna properties and used mainly in Atisara,Grahani and Shoola. It is indicated mainly in the dosage form of Yusha, Peya etc. which suggests that these forms help in easy assimilation of the drug as well to enhance its properties. Bilvapatra has Ushna, Vatahara, Amanashana, Shoolahara properties.

In Atisara mainly Apakva Bilva fruit is used several times as it possesses Grahi action, as well other parts of Bilva are also used due to its Deepana, Pachana property.

CONCLUSION

Bilva is extensively used in various diseased conditions in the form of medicine as well as for making Aahara kalpanas. These kalpanas are used in various forms as per conditions like Yavagu, Peya, Yusha,

Ksheerapaka etc. By adding different parts of Bilva to the different types of Pathyakalpana according to the diseased conditions, physician can treat the patients more efficiently. By this review study it can be concluded that Bilva is a very useful drug as well as suitable in the form of Krutannakalpanas.

Sidebar

Cite this article:

Neha Parmar, Suman Singh, Bhupesh Patel (2016), VARIOUS PATHYA KALPANA OF BILVA [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.] - A REVIEW, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 5(2): 57-78

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Source of Support: NIL

Conflict of Interest: None Declared