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Abstract
Cumulative impacts of historical and current fishing combined with environmental change have been linked to declines in populations of Chinstrap4 and Gentoo penguins5 (Pygoscelis antarctica and Pygoscelis papua).Because of the convention's strict provisions, its 25-member implementing body - the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) - is widely seen as a leader in high-seas fisheries management. * * But some fishing states are now trying COMMENT to weaken the convention's rules.Some other fishing nations, such as Russia, support this view7.Because CCAMLR operates by consensus, any state can block a measure that it perceives is not in its interests.Adaptive management is in place off the US West Coast.Since 2015, on the basis of stock surveys and climate indicators, the Pacific Fisheries Management Council has temporarily banned fishing of sardines (Sardinops sagax).The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) should first compile the available information and ongoing research regarding the effects of climate change and fish populations in Southern Ocean ecosystems.