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ABSTRACT
In this study a network model was constructed for the hydraulic analysis and design of a small community (Sakwa) water distribution network in North Eastern geopolitical region of Nigeria using WaterCAD simulator. The analysis included a review of pressures, velocities and head loss gradients under steady state average day demand, maximum day demand conditions, and fire flow under maximum day demand using average day demand of 60 Ipcd.The results indicate: that the tower height of the existing storage tank is inadequate and should be increased from 10m to 15m to provide satisfactory service, and that there are no areas of concern with respect to pressure or available fire flow for the proposed service area and also that flow velocities are not excessive while head loss gradients in the network are within acceptable limits. Pipes P-6, P-12, P-15 and P-19 expectedly have relatively low flow velocities due to the low average day demands in small communities and the constraint of minimum commercially available pipe sizes makes design of self cleansing networks in such communities not easily realizable.
KEYWORDS: Network model, WaterCAD simulator, pressure, flow velocity, head loss gradient.
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INTRODUCTION
A water distribution network is the means of getting water from the source to the consumer. It serves to convey the water from the water source and treatment works where necessary to the point where it is delivered to the consumer (Hofkes & others, 1981). The distribution system of a water works consists of the pipes, valves, hydrants and appurtenances used for distributing the water, the elevated tank and reservoir used for fire protection and for equalizing pressures and pump discharges and meters (Camp and Tawler, 1969). Water distribution networks is an important component of any water supply system accounting for up to 80% of the total cost of the system (Kleiner and Rajani, 2000) and as a result operation and maintenance cost may soar higher if they are poorly designed, hence the need to have a well planned, designed and constructed water distribution network cannot be over emphasized especially because of its importance ... to industrial growth and water's crucial role in society for health, fire fighting and quality of life...