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While Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET) have been widely adopted for use in long-haul applications, Ethernet is preferred in edge routers and access points due to its lower cost. Ethernet is a packet-based network architecture that is asynchronous, while SONET networks are synchronous. Hence, die two networks cannot communicate seamlessly with each otiier, representing a significant operating problem. The solution is Synchronous Ethernet (Sync-E). Sync-E makes it possible to connect synchronous and asynchronous networks using pointto-point connections (see Figure 1).
With any transmission system that carries its own synchronizing timing signal over long distances, bit error rates increase due to the degradation of the synchronizing clock signal. Thus, the elimination of jitter associated with die clock signal is critical to successful operation of such a system. Valpey Fisher introduced the Jitter Attenuator for both Single GigE and...