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A suction-line accumulator is a safety device used on a refrigeration system to prevent liquid refrigerant from returning to the compressor. Liquid refrigerant returning to a compressor can lead to several problems. One of these problems is bearing washout. The liquid refrigerant returning to the compressor mixes with the oil. This mixture is then used to lubricate the bearings within the compressor. It is, however, a poor lubricant and will lead to premature bearing failure.
The basic design of a suction-line accumulator, used on commercial refrigeration systems, is a U-shaped tube enclosed in a large volume vessel. One end of the U-shaped tube is connected to the suction line leading back to the compressor and the other end is open to the tank.
The suction line from the evaporator is then connected to the top of the shell of the tank. If any liquid refrigerant enters the accumulator, it will be...