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Few could argue that the M1 series Abrams main battle tank is one of the most lethal systems on the modern battlefield, with much of that lethality coming from the Abrams' 120 mm main gun.
Service planners working with industry partners continue to maintain the lethality of the Abrams against new and evolving threats through the introduction of new ammunition options. For example, to address possible future operations against armored targets equipped with explosive reactive armor and active protection systems, the Army recently introduced the M829A4 Armor-Piercing, Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot with Tracer cartridge. This 120 mm, fifth-generation, kineticenergy round achieved full materiel release in early May.
But not every potential target is another tank. Examples of other threats include dismounted infantry at close range, and anti-tank guided missile teams at extended ranges. Additionally, in performing its role as a key member of the armored team, the Abrams may be required to take action like creating breaches in concrete structures. Moreover, these sorts of threats are evolving, with an example seen in the so-called dismounted infantry swarming tactics that were observed in 2006 in Lebanon.
The Abrams clearly has the capability to engage this full spectrum of targets. However, the capability is provided in the form of multiple different cartridges such as the M830 High Explosive Anti-Tank Round, M830A1 Multi-Purpose AntiTank Round, M908 Obstacle Reduction Round and M1028 Canister Anti-Personnel Round.
It's much more than an issue of logistics and "battle-carry" decisions for tank commanders. The decision process-sometimes dubbed dilemma-stems from a limited number of spaces for 120 mm ammunition and the need to assess the threat and anticipate specific target types. Bottom line: Having the right round available at the right moment saves critical seconds and enhances survivability against these evolving threats.
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